【摘要】 《礼记·祭义》有"三命不齿。族有七十者,弗敢先"之语。对"族有七十者,弗敢先",传统注疏以及当代注本释为三命者要礼让七十岁族人。实际应依照《荀子·大略》,释为即便七十岁族人,也不可以居三命者之先,这就是"三命不齿"。乡饮酒礼的命数与席次的关系,异说甚多。较稳妥的认识,从命数说,应是一命居堂下、再命三命居堂上;从爵称说,应是士立于堂下、卿大夫坐于堂上。《礼记·檀弓》中商杨"朝不坐,燕不与"之语,足以印证"大夫坐于上,士立于下"。《左传》有"三命逾父兄,非礼也"之文。其实"三命逾父兄"与"三命不齿"是一致的。由《礼记·文王世子》可知,除了乡饮酒礼,外朝会聚与宗庙会聚时,班位以官、以爵,而不以齿,父兄也不得以年齿凌驾三命者。一个例外是公族同姓燕饮,此时坐席序齿,父兄居上。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the pre-Qin, when district drinking festivity was held, the elderly sat on the court, while the young stood off the court. They were in order of ages respectively. However, the seat arrangement of officials were decided by the rank of Honors and the rank of Jue specifically. The rank of Honors had three levels. The 1 st Honor officials could stand off the court with the young in order of the ages. The 2 nd Honor officials could sit on the court with the elderly in order of the ages as well. However, the 3 rd Honor officials had their honorable seats separately. The rank of Jue also had three levels, Shi, Da-fu, Qing. Their seat arrangement could be corresponded with 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd Honor officials. According to these rules, even the seventy-year-old elderly could not be arranged sitting before the Qing.更多还原