【摘要】 城区碳中和的基础是自身减碳,要降低建筑运行阶段能耗和城区基础设施能耗,还要减少废弃物排放。因此,建筑运行阶段碳中和必须通过城区需求侧能源规划来实现。对能源规划的6个环节,即目标设定、资源分析、需求预测、规划协调、系统优化和绩效评估,分别导入在碳中和背景下的特定考量思路和方法。包括:城区碳中和目标设定原则、屋顶光伏和建筑光伏一体化的潜力分析简化方法、建筑能源负荷的反推方法、能源系统优化和能源总线技术、空间规划与区域能源系统的协调技术、通过空间规划的建筑节能技术,以及平均碳排放因子的计算等。在碳中和语境下,城区能源系统将呈现去中心化、去燃烧化和电气化的特点。城区能源规划要从需求侧扩展到供应侧,成为综合能源规划;城区能源要从单一能源发展为多能源;城区能源系统要从单一能源中心发展为去中心化的分布式能源枢纽;综合能源规划的完成要从单一专业发展为多专业协同。更多还原

【Abstract】 The basis of urban carbon neutrality is its autonomous carbon reduction. It is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the building operation and the energy consumption of urban infrastructure, as well as to reduce waste discharge. Therefore, carbon neutrality in the building operation phase must be achieved through urban demand-side energy planning. This article introduces specific consideration ideas and methods in the context of carbon neutrality to the six steps of energy planning, namely target setting, resources analysis, demand forecasting, planning coordination, system optimization, and performance evaluation. It is included that the urban carbon neutral target setting principles, simplification methods for potential analysis of rooftop photovoltaic and building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV), backcasting methods of building thermal load, energy system optimization and energy bus technologies, coordination technologies of spatial planning with district energy system, building energy efficient technologies through spatial planning and calculation of average carbon emission factors, etc. The article pointed out that in the context of carbon neutrality, the urban energy system will present the characteristics of decentralization, decombustion and electrification. District energy planning should expand from the demand-side to the supply-side and become a comprehensive energy plan; urban energy should develop from a single energy source to multiple energy sources; district energy system should transform from single centralized energy center to distributed energy hubs; the comprehensive energy planning should be completed from a single professional to multi-professional collaboration.更多还原