【摘要】 2020年度“墨子量子奖”授予量子精密测量领域，获奖科学家是Carlton Caves,香取秀俊和叶军.香取秀俊和叶军又获得2021年基础物理学突破奖.对于引力波探测中的量子噪声，Caves分析了海森堡不确定关系所带来的测量精度极限，并且提出用压缩光来克服这个极限.这个方法已经被探测引力波的激光干涉仪实际采用.原子钟基于原子中电子改变能量状态时，发射或吸收的电磁波，提供了最精确的时间和频率标准.与基于微波的原子钟相比.光原子钟，特别是光晶格上的大量原子，可以达到更好的精度.叶军的研究组将约1万个锶原子放在3维光晶格中，实现光原子钟，相对精度达到2.5×10^-19.香取秀俊的研究组搭建的两个可移动光原子钟，精度达到了5×10^-18,并用来测量了引力红移，达到地面测量的最好精度.更多还原

【Abstract】 The Micius Quantum Prize 2020 is awarded to the field of quantum metrology, shared by Carlton Caves, Hidetoshi Katori and Jun Ye. The latter two were also awarded 2022 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. For the quantum noises in detections of gravitational waves, Caves analyzed the limit of measurement precision due to Heisenberg uncertainty relation, and proposed to use squeezed light to overcome it. This method has been used in the laser interferometers in actually detecting gravitational waves. Atomic clocks are based on the electromagnetic waves emitted or absorbed when electrons change their energy states, and provide the most precise time and frequency standards. Compared with the atomic clocks based on microwaves, optical atomic clocks, especially those based on many atoms on optical lattices, can achieve better precisions. Ye’s Group put 10000 strontium atoms on a 3-dimensional optical lattice, and realized an atomic clock with relative precision 2.5 × 10^-19.Katori’s group set up two transportable strontium atomic clocks with relative precision 5 × 10^-18, which were used to measure the gravitational redshift, with the best ground-based precision.更多还原