【摘要】 地震数据的插值是地震数据处理的关键环节,插值效果的优劣关系到后续反演、去噪、反褶积、偏移等工作的进行.基于稀疏反演的常规频率-波数(FK)域插值方法往往使用广义阈值,而由于缺失地震数据仅沿波数方向呈稀疏态,在沿频率方向呈类子波频谱形态分布的非稀疏态,直接应用基于Lp范数的广义阈值会难以补全缺失数据的高低频信息,不利于后续依赖低频信息的反演及依赖高频的高分辨率处理工作的开展;基于该问题,本文设计沿频率方向类子波频谱形态变化的频率加权阈值,同时考虑完整地震数据在波数域的聚集分布,引入沿波数方向的结构加权阈值,提出基于频率-结构的双重加权阈值,在补全缺失地震道的同时,保证其高低频信息的有效恢复.模型和实际数据表明,相比于广义阈值,基于频率-结构的双重加权阈值可以减少插值误差,最大限度保证缺失地震道位置插值结果高低频信息的完整性.更多还原

【Abstract】 Seismic data interpolation is a crucial part of seismic data processing. The quality of the interpolation is related to the subsequent inversion, denoising, deconvolution, migration, and other work. Conventional FK interpolation methods based on sparse inversion often use generalized thresholds. However, the missing seismic data in these methods only shows a sparse state along the wavenumber direction and a non-sparse state with a wavelet-like spectrum distribution along the frequency direction. The direct application of the generalized threshold based on the Lp norm will make it difficult to complete the high-and low-frequency information of the missing data, which is not conducive to the subsequent inversion that relies on low-frequency information and the development of high-resolution processing that relies on high frequency. To solve this problem, we design a frequency-weighted threshold that changes along the frequency direction and introduces a structure-weighted threshold along the wavenumber direction considering the aggregation distribution of complete seismic data in the wavenumber domain. Combining the above two points, we propose a frequency-structure dual weighted threshold to ensure the effective recovery of high-and low-frequency information while completing missing traces. By comparing with the generalized threshold, the model and actual data show that the frequency-structure dual weighted threshold can reduce the interpolation error and ensure the integrity of the high-and low-frequency information to the largest extent.更多还原