【摘要】 传统句法处理语句内部的结构关系,而对话句法处理两个独立的、在对话并置中由不同说话者产出的话句之间的关系。作为对话句法理论核心概念的"句法",不同于传统的句法概念,这一新奇的界定,为传统句法带来了挑战,也带来一些令人深思的问题。本文首先介绍了对话句法理论的基本主张,继而从动因、界定和根源对对话句法中的句法概念进行了深入分析,并区分了与之相近的、容易混淆的概念,如线性句法、跨句句法、话语语法和互文性等。在讨论对话句法的基础上,我们重新审视了"语法"和"句法"的概念以及语法与句法的关系,重点讨论了句法能否跨越句子的藩篱。对话句法理论挑战了传统的句法概念,拓展了句法的内涵,是近年来语言研究的重要探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dialogic Syntax(Du Bois 2014) is a cognitive functional theory intending to study dialogic interaction and structures. Since its publication, it has attracted lots of attention and triggered many related studies. As the key term in Dialogic Syntax, "syntax" is defined differently from its traditional sense. This new and creative definition brings challenges to traditional syntax and also some questions worth further discussing. For example, the name "Dialogic Syntax" itself is somewhat unclear and misleading. What does it mean exactly? Does it mean "syntax in the dialogue" or "dialogue with syntax"? What linguistic phenomena does it mainly study? And, particularly, how should we understand the term "syntax" here? Does it mean syntax in its traditional sense? How is it related to the syntax in Chomsky’s theory?This paper first introduces the basic claims of Dialogic Syntax, and then presents a deeper analysis of the notion of syntax in Dialogic Syntax from its motivations, definitions and sources. According to Du Bois(2010), the traditional structural analysis of a single sentence neglects the mapping relations between utterances, which is a complex and underdeveloped area longing for a new type of syntax. Dialogic Syntax is not just syntax used in dialogue. While traditional syntax treats structural relations internal to the sentence, dialogic syntax treats structural relations between otherwise independent sentences, often produced by different speakers in dialogic juxtaposition. Du Bois(2010) proposes that dialogic syntax should be recognized as a branch of a more inclusive syntax, alongside its long-recognized sibling—traditional syntax.We further distinguish Dialogic Syntax from linear syntax, diatax, discourse grammar, and intertextuality, which are similar terms and easy to cause confusions. Based on the discussions of Dialogic Syntax, we rethink the ideas of grammar, syntax and the relationship between these two. Ever since the beginning, the definitions of grammar and syntax are hardly agreed on. Originally, grammar only refers to language rules, and later is expanded to include language knowledge and theory. Syntax originally refers to the grammatical relationship between words and other units in a sentence, but Chomsky theorizes syntax and makes it the core of linguistic studies. Grammar and syntax are sometimes mixed up and used interchangeably. However, we hold that a clear distinction should be made between these two and syntax is only a subcategory of grammar.A focused exploration is given to whether syntax should go beyond the boundary of sentences. As Du Bois(2014) says, most researchers tend to accept the traditional definition of syntax and few ask why. By reviewing previous definitions and studies related to syntax, we find that in fact Du Bois is not alone and there are many other linguists who actually also agree upon that syntax should include the communicative and functional sides of the language, and should not be limited within the boundary of a sentence.Dialogic Syntax challenges the notions of the traditional syntax, expands the senses of syntax, which can be considered as an important probe in linguistic studies in recent years. It will also be very meaningful if it can be integrated into the study of Chinese.更多还原