【摘要】 为探明秸秆覆盖模式对寒旱区农田耕地质量的影响机制,以东北黑土和玉米("郑单958")为研究对象,在秸秆、残茬覆盖和免耕条件下,设置裸土留茬、条带留茬、碎秆覆盖、整秆覆盖及传统耕作5个处理,对耕层土壤水分状况、土壤结构及养分变化作对比分析。结果表明,秸秆、残茬覆盖结合免耕处理土壤质量得到明显改善,可分别提高0～50 cm耕层春播期和全生育期土壤水分5.11%～17.30%和0.14%～6.20%、降低0～40 cm耕层土壤容重5.38%～6.77%,增加土壤大团聚体含量5.52%～16.02%,提升全氮、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量4%以上,稳定土壤处于作物生长适宜的酸碱性。其中碎杆覆盖免耕种植各项指标均表现良好,调控效果在东北黑土区更稳定,为寒旱区旱作农业土壤环境改善和保护性耕作技术推广提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effect mechanisms of straw mulching on cultivated land quality in cold and arid regions, five field treatments included stubble mulch in bare soil, stubble mulch in the strip,coverage of smashing and the whole corn stalk, and traditional farming were established. Black soil and corn stalk were employed as the research target and material, respectively. And made a comparative analysis on soil moisture status, soil structure and soil nutrients among the different field treatments.The results showed that the cultivated field qualities had been significantly improved under the stubble residual and straw cover coupled with no-tillage treatment, increased the soil moisture(0-50 cm) by 5.11%-17.30% and 0.14%-6.20%, during the spring sowing period and the whole growing period, respectively. The 0-40 cm soil bulk density decreased by 5.38%-6.77%, while the soil macroaggregate content increased by 5.52%-16.02%, as well as the contents of the total nitrogen, alkalinehydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased more than 4%, and the soil acidity and alkalinity were in a suitable range for crop growing. Among the field treatments, the coverage of smashing corn stalk exhibited an excellent regulating effect. Results from this study would provide the scientific knowledge for soil environmental conditions improving and conservation tillage technology popularizing in cold and arid regions.更多还原