【摘要】 采用裂区设计,研究不同水肥配合（2品种+2灌水水平+4施肥水平）处理对冬小麦产量、干物质量和养分吸收利用的影响,明确水肥优化方案。结果表明:（1）2018与2019年度冬小麦干物质累积量均以‘石麦22’在中肥下达最高,‘济麦22’在高肥下为最高,2水优于1水处理;（2）冬小麦吸氮量均表现出高肥>中肥>低肥>不施肥的趋势（‘石麦22’春1水处理除外）;中、高肥水平下,增加灌水次数明显提高灌浆期小麦吸磷量和吸钾量;2种灌水条件下,成熟期中低肥水平下小麦吸磷量和吸钾量差异不显著;（3）‘济麦22’比‘石麦22’表现出更高的WUE和肥料利用效率,通过将各处理下的冬小麦产量、干物质量和养分利用效率进行综合分析发现,‘济麦22’以春1水高肥（N 300 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 150 kg/hm²、K₂O 210 kg/hm²、50 m³/667 m²）处理为最优方案;‘石麦22’则以春2水中肥（N 225 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 112.5 kg/hm²、K₂O 157.5 kg/hm²、100 m³/667m²）处理表现最优。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of different irrigation and fertilization combinations（2 varieties + 2 spring irrigation levels + 4 fertilization levels） on the yield, dry matter and nutrient utilization of winter wheat was studied by using split zone design to determine the optimal scheme of water and fertilizer. The results showed that:（1） The highest dry matter of winter wheat in 2018 and 2019 was all in medium fertilizer treatments for’Shimai 22’and in high fertilizer treatment for’Jimai 22’. The dry matter of wheat with irrigation two times in spring was higher than that with one irrigation treatment.（2） The results showed that the nitrogen uptake of winter wheat showed the trend of high fertilizer > medium fertilizer > low fertilizer > no fertilization（except for ’Shimai 22’with irrigation one time）; under medium and high fertilizer levels, increasing irrigation times significantly increased phosphorus and potassium uptake of wheat at grain filling stage; under the two irrigation conditions, there was no significant difference in phosphorus and potassium uptake of wheat under low and medium fertilizer levels at mature stage;（3） ’Jimai 22’ showed higher WUE than’Shimai 22’. According to the comprehensive analysis of yield, dry matter quality and nutrient use efficiency of winter wheat under each treatment, it was found that high fertilizer and irrigating once（N 300 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 150 kg/hm², K₂O 210 kg/hm², 50 m³/667 m²） was the best scheme for ’Jimai 22’, while medium fertilizer and irrigating twice（N 225 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 112.5 kg/hm², K₂O 157.5 kg/hm², 100 m³/667 m²） was the best for ’Shimai 22’.更多还原