【摘要】 家用燃料电池热电联供技术,是燃料电池应用领域的一个具有广阔发展前景的研究方向。质子交换膜燃料电池在运行时消耗燃料中的化学能,同时除了将一部分化学能转化为电能外,其余部分的化学能则以热量的形式散失。如果对这部分热量不能进行合理有效地利用,那么将会导致系统的能源利用率降低,同时还会影响燃料电池的安全运行。因此在正常发电的前提下,为了对质子交换膜燃料电池在运行过程中产生的热量进行回收利用,本文提供了一种水冷型质子交换膜燃料电池热电联供方案。通过冷却液将电堆产生的热量带出,并在换热器中将吸热后的高温冷却液与常温自来水进行热量交换,同时使用水箱储存热水,实现热量回收利用。基于MATLAB/Simulink软件平台建立了燃料电池热电联供系统仿真模型,主要包括电堆模型、散热器模型、储热水箱模型等。同时设计了系统在不同工作模式下的控制策略和用于电堆温度控制的模糊PID控制器。结果表明,通过采用模糊PID控制器对系统进行控制仿真,系统可获得良好的动态响应和抗干扰性能。同时通过仿真得到系统在功率负载范围内最大热电联供效率约为83%,满足了家庭的日常供热和用电需求,提高了能源的利用率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Domestic fuel cell cogenerated heat and power technology is a field with broad development prospects for fuel cell application technology. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) consumes the chemical energy of the fuel during operation. In addition to converting part of the chemical energy into electrical energy, the rest of the chemical energy is lost in the form of heat. If this part of the heat cannot be used reasonably and effectively, it will decrease the energy utilization rate of the system and an unsafe operation of the fuel cell simultaneously. Under the premise of normal power generation, a water-cooled PEMFC cogeneration scheme was proposed to recover and utilize the heat generated during the operation of the PEMFC. The heat generated by the stack is taken out by the cooling liquid,and the high temperature cooling liquid after heat absorption is exchanged with the normal temperature tap water in the heat exchanger. The water tank is used to store hot water to realize heat recovery and utilization. Based on the Matlab/Simulink software platform, a fuel cell cogenerated heat and power system simulation model is established, which consists of a stack model, a radiator model, and a hot water storage tank model. Besides, a control strategy of the system in different working modes and a fuzzy PID controller for stack temperature control are designed. The results showed that a good dynamic response and antiinterference performance using fuzzy PID controller can be obtained. The simulation results also showed that the maximum-combined heat and power efficiency of the system within the power load range is about 83%, which meets the daily heating and electricity demand of the family and improves the energy utilization rate.更多还原