【摘要】 资源匮乏、能源短缺、环境恶化已经成为关系到当今社会能否持续发展的三大问题。材料作为社会进步的先导和基础,为人类带来巨大物质财富的同时也引发了材料制造、使用及废弃过程中能源资源的过度消耗以及环境负荷的激增问题。随着人们对环保、健康和公共卫生安全意识的显著增强,集"材料-环境-生态-健康"设计理念于一体的生态环境功能材料越来越受到学术界、产业界与教育界的广泛关注,正逐渐成为材料科学与工程学科及战略性新兴产业发展的新增长点。生态环境功能材料的研发不仅遵循材料生命周期评价原则、倡导绿色材料技术、赋予功能材料以优异的环境协调性,而且更加注重环境净化、环境修复、有益健康等生态环境健康功能。非金属矿物不仅种类繁多、储量丰富、价格低廉,而且具有与自然环境协调性最佳的特点,这使其在制备生态环境功能材料的过程中具有天然优势。目前,以天然矿物资源为主要原料开发的生态环境功能材料在环境污染防治和微环境调控功能方面已展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文介绍了生态环境功能材料的内涵、基本概念和新发展,以海泡石、蒙脱石、电气石、硅藻土、生物炭和铁尾矿等矿物为主要原料系统地构筑了典型生态环境功能材料的研究进展和发展动向,分析了生态环境功能材料学科研究和产业发展趋势,以期为生态环境功能材料产业的未来发展和创新人才的培养提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lack of resources,shortage of energy and environmental degradation have become three essential problems faced by the sustainable development of today’s society. As the forerunner and foundation of social progress,traditional materials have brought great material wealth to mankind. Meanwhile,it has also caused the problems of excessive consumption of energy and resource as well as surge in environmental load during the material manufacturing,use and waste. As people’s awareness of environmental protection,fitness,and public health security markedly enhances,ecological environment functional material,with a composite of design philosophy “material-environment-ecology-health”,has been paid wide attention by academic,industrial,and educational personnels,and therefore it has been gradually considered as the new growth point of the development of material science and engineering discipline,and its related strategic emerging industry.The research and design of ecological environment functional material not only follows the principle of life cycle assessment but also,by advocating the green material technology,it endows functional materials with the characteristics such as excellent environmental coordination,preferable environmental purification and environmental restoration,and promoting good health. Non-metallic minerals not only have a great variety,abundant reserves and low price,but also have the best compatibility with the natural environment,which gives them a natural advantage in the process of preparing ecological environment functional materials. At present,the ecological environment functional material developed with natural mineral resource as the main raw material has exhibited great practical potential in environmental pollution prevention and microenvironmental regulation.This review introduced the connotation and conception as well as the recent development of ecological environment functional material,and further presented the recent advances and development trends of the typical ecological environment functional materials such as sepiolite,montmorillonite,tourmaline,diatomite,biochar,and iron ore tailing. In order to provide reference for the future development of ecological environment functional materials industry and corresponding innovating personnel training mode,this review finally summarized the development trend of the study on ecological environment functional material and the related industry.更多还原