【摘要】 税负是影响企业活力的重要因素,财政分权通过地方税收努力影响着企业实际税负。本文将收支分权、财政压力和转移支付纳入同一框架,采用2005—2018年地级市面板数据,使用差分GMM模型和面板VAR模型分析财政分权对企业税负的影响。研究发现:以所得税分成度量的收入分权会提高企业所得税负,转移支付会降低企业所得税负,支出分权和收支分权不匹配造成的财政压力没有显著影响。同时,收入分权的影响在财政压力较大、地方政府竞争程度较弱地区更为显著,新三板上市企业2012—2017年非平衡面板数据补充印证了以上结论。因此,从总量和企业层面考察财政分权制度对企业所得税实际税负的影响,便于理解我国企业差异化税率的来源,为实现落实减税降费和保障财政收入提供政策启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tax burden is an important factor affecting the vitality of enterprises. Fiscal decentralization affects the actual tax burden of enterprises through local taxation efforts.This paper puts the decentralization of revenue and expenditure, financial pressure and transfer payment into the same framework, and adopts the panel data of prefecture level cities from 2005 to 2018, to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on corporate tax burden by using differential GMM model and panel VAR model.The research finds that: income decentralization measured by income tax sharing will increase the enterprise income tax burden, transfer payment will reduce the corporate income tax burden, and the fiscal pressure caused by the mismatch between expenditure decentralization and income and expenditure decentralization has no significant impact.At the same time, the impact of revenue decentralization is more significant in areas with greater financial pressure and weaker local government competition. The unbalanced panel data of listed companies on the New OTC Market from 2012 to 2017 supplement and confirm the above conclusion.Therefore, to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralization system on the actual tax burden of enterprise income tax from the total amount and enterprise level is convenient to understand the source of China′s enterprise differential tax rate, and provides policy enlightenment for the implementation of tax reduction and fee reduction and the protection of fiscal revenue.更多还原