【摘要】 森林生态效益补偿对于提高森林生态建设者与维护者的积极性,维护林地所有者合法的经济利益具有促进作用,能够协调"绿水青山"保护者与"金山银山"受益者之间公平性。综合梳理了国内森林生态效益补偿的机制,包括补偿范围、补偿主体、补偿客体、补偿标准的研究进展,总结了森林生态系统效益的测算方法,包括物质量评价法、价值量评价法、能值分析法和生态模型法的特点和应用研究进展,论述了补偿标准测算依据的研究现状和存在问题,以及近年国外森林生态服务付费的起源、研究重点、进展及多个国家森林生态服务付费的机制。最后针对我国森林生态效益补偿机制存在的不足提出改进建议:一方面需要通过市场化的多种途径来拓宽资金来源,科学评估森林生态效益;另一方面要科学合理制定补偿标准,实现有差异的补偿等级或补偿区间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest ecological benefit compensation can improve the enthusiasm of forest ecology builders and maintainers, it can help promote protecting the legitimate economic interests of forest owners, and coordinate the fairness between "green water and green mountains" protectors and "golden mountain and silver mountain" beneficiaries. This paper combs the system and mechanism of forest ecological benefit compensation in China, including research progress of the compensation scope, compensation subjects,compensation objects and compensation standards. Then we summarize the forest ecosystem benefit calculation methods, including characteristics and research progress of material quantity evaluation method, value quantity evaluation method, emergency analysis method and ecological model method, and discuss the current progress and problems of the measurement basis of compensation standard. This paper briefly expounds the research origin, emphases and progress of forest ecological benefit compensation abroad in recent years, elaborates the payment mechanism of forest ecological service in many countries abroad. Finally we put forward suggestions for improvement based on the defects of forest ecological benefit compensation mechanism under China’s current system. On the one hand, we need to broaden the sources of funding through different kinds of market ways, and assess the forest ecosystem benefit scientifically; on the other hand we should formulate scientific and reasonable compensation standard, and differentiated compensation level or range as well.更多还原