【摘要】 【目的】大豆是重要的经济作物,是人类植物蛋白质和油脂的主要来源。蛋白质含量作为大豆育种的主要目标之一,属于多基因控制的复杂数量性状,并且受环境条件的影响。通过对大豆巢式关联作图群体的蛋白质含量进行全基因组关联分析,解析其遗传构成,为高蛋白质含量的大豆品种育种提供理论基础。【方法】以蒙8206为共同亲本,对临河×蒙8206、正阳×蒙8206、蒙8206×通山与蒙8206×WSB分别杂交,通过单粒传法自交7代衍生的4个重组自交系群体,共计623个家系,整合为一个大豆巢式关联作图群体,利用RAD-seq技术进行SNP标记基因分型,并于2012年至2014年将该群体种植在5个不同田间环境,在大豆完熟期R8时测定蛋白质含量,利用限制性两阶段多位点全基因组关联分析方法(RTM-GWAS)来解析蛋白质含量的遗传构成。【结果】试验群体的蛋白质含量变异较大,蛋白质含量性状遗传率较高,遗传变异可解释85.00%的表型变异。多环境联合方差分析表明,蛋白质含量的基因型、环境以及基因型×环境均达到差异极显著水平。全基因组关联分析共检测到90个蛋白质含量QTL,其中新检测到20个QTL,每个QTL的表型变异解释率为0.06%—3.99%,贡献率总和为45.60%。每个QTL包含2—5个等位变异,等位变异效应为-2.434%—2.845%,大多数等位变异效应为-1.000%—1.000%,表明大多数等位变异的效应较小。根据检测的90个蛋白质含量QTL,预测了73个蛋白质含量相关基因,其中Glyma20g24830参与甘氨酸与芳香族氨基酸代谢,Glyma18g03540参与半胱氨酸生物合成,推测其为重要蛋白质含量候选基因。根据试验群体的蛋白质含量QTL-allele矩阵,预测出潜在杂交组合的纯系后代的蛋白质含量育种潜力高达56.5%。【结论】检测到90个大豆蛋白质含量QTL,新检测到20个QTL,预测到73个蛋白质含量相关基因,表明大豆蛋白质含量是由多基因控制的数量性状。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 Soybean is an important cash crop, a major source of plant protein and oil for human diet. As a major objective of soybean breeding, protein content is a complex trait controlled by multiple genes with varying genetic effects interacting with environment. A genome-wide association study(GWAS) was conducted to dissect the genetic architecture of protein content in a soybean nested association mapping(NAM) population, and the detected genetic constitution can be further used for molecular design in soybean breeding for high protein content. 【Method】 Four soybean recombinant inbred line(RIL) populations(Linhe×M8206, Zhengyang×M8206, M8206×Tongshan and M8206×WSB) with a common parent(M8206) as a NAM population were constructed, genotyped with RAD-seq(restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing) and tested under multiple locations in 2012-2014. Protein content was measured at full maturity(R8) stage. The restricted two-stage multi-locus GWAS(RTM-GWAS) procedure was used to dissect the genetic architecture of seed protein content of the population. 【Result】 The protein content varied widely in the population with trait heritability estimated as high as 85.00%. The analysis of variance for protein content showed significant differences across genotypes, environments and genotype-by-environment interactions. A total of 90 QTLs were detected to be associated with protein content, with 20 loci being novel ones. The phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 0.06% to 3.99%, with a sum of 45.60%. The number of alleles at each locus ranged from 2 to 5, and the allele effects ranged from-2.434% to 2.845%, while most of them were between-1.000% and 1.000%. From the detected QTLs, 73 candidate genes were annotated. Among these candidate genes, Glyma18 g03540 involved in cysteine biosynthetic process, and Glyma20 g24830 involved in glycine and aromatic amino acid family metabolic process. The two genes may be selected for further functional study. Based on the QTL-allele matrix of protein content, the predicted transgressive potential of cross progeny was as high as 56.5%. 【Conclusion】 A total of 90 QTLs for protein content were detected with 20 loci being novel, from which 73 candidate genes were annotated, indicating that protein content is a complex trait conferred by multiple genes or a gene network.更多还原