【摘要】 【目的】明确云南省马铃薯病毒的优势种及马铃薯新病毒的发生变化,为马铃薯种苗、种薯的生产提供早期预警监测,并为防止新的病毒病害暴发流行提供依据。【方法】采用随机五点取样法,从云南马铃薯春作区和冬作区的不同田块采集各地主栽马铃薯品种的叶片,共采集到510份植株叶片,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法中的双抗体夹心ELISA(DAS-ELISA)和间接ELISA(I-ELISA)两种方法进行病毒检测。进行蓟马采集时,同样采用随机五点取样法,从云南马铃薯春作区和冬作区采集各地主栽马铃薯品种的花和叶片,将样品放入采集罐后带回实验室,对罐中的蓟马进行整理,共采集到8 953头蓟马。将蓟马制作为临时玻片标本,参考中国蓟马属蓟马检索表及Oz Thrips(http://www.ozthrips.org/),通过形态学特征对蓟马进行种类鉴定。【结果】从510份马铃薯样品中,共检测出6种常见病毒和2种新兴病毒。马铃薯病毒的优势种为马铃薯S病毒(Potato virus S,PVS),检出率高达63.53%,其次是马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato leafroll virus,PLRV);检测出2种新兴病毒番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)和番茄环纹斑点病毒(Tomato zonate spot virus,TZSV),检出率分别为5.10%和15.10%。本次调查共鉴定了3科,5属,13种蓟马。蓟马科(Thripidae)共鉴定出3个属11个种,分别为蓟马属(Thrips)的八节黄蓟马(T.flavidulus)、黄蓟马(T.flavus)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、烟蓟马(T.tabaci)、黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、色蓟马(T.coloratus)、暗足蓟马(T.obscuripes)和葱韭蓟马(T.alliorum);花蓟马属(Frankliniella)的西花蓟马(F.occidentalis)、花蓟马(F.intonsa);带蓟马属(Taeniothrips)的大带蓟马(Ta.major);管蓟马科(Phlaeothripidae)简管蓟马属(Haplothrips)的简管蓟马(Haplothrips sp.)和纹蓟马科(Aeolothripidae)纹蓟马属(Aeolothrips)的纹蓟马(Aeolothrips sp.)。检测出的8种病毒中TSWV和TZSV是蓟马传播的病毒,其中,西花蓟马是潜在传毒蓟马群体中的优势种,占潜在传毒蓟马群体总数的69.47%。【结论】目前,PVS是云南马铃薯主要病毒优势种,2种侵染马铃薯的新兴病毒的发生率也在增加。西花蓟马是潜在传毒蓟马群体中的优势种。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】The objective of this study is to identify the dominant species of potato and changes of potato new virus in Yunnan Province, provide early warning and monitoring for the production of potato seedling, and to provide a basis for preventing the outbreak of new viral diseases.【Method】Using random five-point sampling method, a total of 510 leaves of local public potato varieties were collected from different fields in the spring and winter cropping areas of Yunnan.The viruses were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(DAS-ELISA) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(I-ELISA).The same method was used to collect thrips from flowers and leaves of the local public potato varieties from spring and winter potato cropping areas in Yunnan.The samples were put into the collection tank and brought back to the laboratory.A total of 8 953 thrips were collected and made slide specimen.The species of thrips were identified by the morphological characteristics based on Oz thrips(http://www.ozthrips.org/) and key list of Thrips genus in China.【Result】A total of 6 common and 2 emerging viruses were detected from 510 potato samples.The dominant potato virus was Potato virus S(PVS), with an incidence rate of 63.53%, followed by Potato virus X(PVX) and Potato leafroll virus(PLRV).The two emerging potato viruses Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) and Tomato zonate spot virus(TZSV) were detected, with incidence rates of 5.10% and 15.10%, respectively.A total of 3 families, 5 genera and 13 species of thrips were identified in this survey.They were Thrips flavidulus, T.flavus, T.palmi, T.tabaci, T.hawaiiensis, T.coloratus, T.obscuripes, T.alliorum, Frankliniella occidentalis, F.intonsa, Taeniothrips major of Thripidae, Haplothrips sp.of Phlaeothripidae, and Aeolothrips sp.of Aeolothripidae.Among the 8 detected viruses, only TSWV and TZSV could be transmitted by thrips.F.occidentalis was the dominant species in the potential virus-transmission thrips population, accounting for 69.47% of the total potential virus-transmission thrips population.【Conclusion】At present, PVS is the dominant potato virus in Yunnan, and the incidence rate of two emerging viruses infecting potato is also increasing.F.occidentalis is the dominant species in the potential virus-transmission thrips population.更多还原