【摘要】 哪些人相互具有家庭成员身份,从来是家庭制度的基本问题。《中华人民共和国民法典》第1045条和第1050条规定以亲属类型为原则,兼及共同居住生活事实,确定了具有家庭成员身份的近亲属范围及其种类;家庭成员身份以法定为主,以约定为例外。未将形成抚养扶养关系的继父母与继子女、继兄姐、继弟妹列入法定家庭成员范围,似不合理。第1045条第3款规定本应该却没有为第1050条赋予家庭成员身份约定权预留空间。法定家庭成员身份效力明确、具体,但约定家庭成员身份效力却不明,且该约定权及效力与村民委员会组织法等相关立法赋予有关主体的权利之间有明显不协调,易产生性别平等保护的裂缝。建议第1045条增加规定,说明"本编所称父母包括已形成抚养扶养关系的继父母,子女包括已形成扶养关系的继子女"等;现有第3款增加"本编另有规定的除外"。第1050条应当进一步规定家庭成员身份约定的形式、效力和后果、约定终止等事项和内容;平等保护因结婚、家庭成员身份约定而迁居的配偶方及其所生子女的权益。此外,有必要在《民法典·婚姻家庭编》中增设婚姻住所商定权。更多还原

【Abstract】 Articles 1045 and 1050 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China adopt the type of rinship,which stipulate the scope and types of near relatives with family membership. The family membership is mainly legal and adopts both agreements. However,article 1045,paragraph 3,should not have made room for the article 1050 agreement on empowering family members. The validity of legal family membership is clear and specific,while the validity of agreement family membership is not clear,and there is obvious incongruity between the agreement right and its validity and the rights given to relevant subjects by relevant legislation such as the organization law of villagers’ committee,which is easy to breed the cracks of gender equality protection. It is suggested that"unless those provided in this part"be added to the third paragraph of article 1045;for article 1050,legislation should further stipulate the form,effect and consequence of the agreement on family membership,the termination of the agreement and other matters and contents;for the rights and interests of the spouse who moves because of the agreement on family membership and their children,the principle of gender equality should be adhered to and fully respected,recognized and guaranteed protection. It is necessary to add the right of marriage and residence agreement in the Civil Code.更多还原