【摘要】 第二次世界大战结束后,在盟军总司令部的主导下,日本政府在选举法改革中确认了女性的参政权,在法律上实现了真正的普选。日本女性被赋予参政权后,在首次众议院选举中获得了极高的当选率,但这一数据自战后第二届大选开始骤然下降,此后日本众议院中的女性议员人数与比例长期陷入低迷。其主要原因是,在传统社会文化与性别分工的影响下,日本女性很难在短期内突破自身的局限性,缺乏独立的参政意识。此外,冷战背景下,盟军总司令部调整对日方针,日本政府改革选举制度,这些客观环境的变化也在一定程度上削弱了女性进入众议院的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Women’s right to be elected in the parliament was enshrined in the reform of Japanese election law when the country was controlled by the Supreme Command of the Allied Forces after the World War Ⅱ,making the target of universal suffrage in law actually realized. The election rate of women candidates was very high in the first election of the House of Representatives in the wake of World War Ⅱ. However,this figure has seen a sharp decrease since the second election after the World War Ⅱ,while the number and proportion of female law makers in the Japanese House of Representatives have been in a long-term downturn. Apart from the influences of social and cultural traditions and gender-based labor divisions,the failure of Japanese women to make a break through of themselves in a short period and the shortage of the awareness of independent participation in election have jointly contributed to the phenomenon.In addition,the readjustment of its policies to Japan by the Supreme Command of the Allied Forces and the amendment of its election institutions by Japanese government in the backdrop of the Cold War have together created obstacles for Japanese women to be elected in the lower house.更多还原