【摘要】 锌氧压酸浸渣属于冶炼危废,其安全处置已成为制约锌系统稳定生产的重要因素。为揭示其安全利用的关键技术难题与瓶颈,采用粒度分析仪、X射线荧光分析仪(XRF)、电感耦合原子发射光谱仪(ICPAES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、高频红外碳硫仪、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、矿物解离分析仪(MLA)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)连用技术、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)以及傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析研究2种典型锌精矿氧压酸浸渣的粒度分布、化学组成、形貌特征和表面元素化学价态以及分子键结构等矿物学特性。采用热分析仪(TG-DSC)和毒性浸出程序(TCLP)分别考察锌氧压酸浸渣的着火性能和短期环境活性等安全属性。研究结果表明:氧压酸浸渣1多呈球块状,平均粒径为22μm,主要物相为单质硫、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、石膏和石英等,其中单质硫质量分数最高,达52%;氧压酸浸渣2外形不规则,平均粒径为86μm,主要物相为单质硫、纤铁矾、硫酸铁、闪锌矿和石膏等,其中单质硫质量分数为33%。锌氧压酸浸渣热稳定性较差,酸浸渣1的着火温度为214～291°C,酸浸渣2的着火温度为213～240°C;锌氧压酸浸中锌和镉元素在弱酸性条件下不稳定,酸浸渣1中锌和镉的浸出量分别超标6.45和2.55倍,酸浸渣2中锌和镉的浸出量分别超标4.37和4.80倍。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zinc leaching residues(ZLR) produced from zinc sulfide oxygen-pressure leaching process were classified as hazardous waste, and its safe disposal became an important factor limiting the stable production in zinc processing system. In order to reveal the key technical problems and bottleneck in ZLR safty utilization, the particle size distribution, chemical composition, morphological characteristics and the valence of surface element as well as molecular bond structure of two typical ZLRs produced from zinc sulfide oxygen-pressure leaching process were investigated by particle size analyzer, X-ray fluorescence analyzer(XRF), inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS), high-frequency infrared carbon and sulfur analyzer, X-ray diffraction analyzer(XRD), mineral dissociation analyzer(MLA),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)-energy spectroscopy(EDS)technique, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS) and Fourier infrared spectrometer(FTIR). In addition, the ignition performance and short-term environmental activity of ZLRs were investigated by thermal analysis(TG-DSC) and toxic leaching procedure(TCLP), respectively. The results show that No. 1 ZLR is spherical in shape, with an average particle size of 22μm, and the phases composition mainly contains elemental sulfur, sphalerite, pyrite, gypsum and quartz. Elemental sulfur is the major component up to 52%(mass fraction). No.2 ZLR is irregular in shape and has an average size of86 μm. It is mainly composed of fibroferrite, ferric sulfate, sphalerite and gypsum and the mass fraction of elemental sulfur is 33%. The two ZLRs have a poor thermal stability, with ignition temperature range from 214 °C to 291 °C for the No.1 ZLR and 213 °C to 240 °C for the No.2 ZLR. The leaching amounts of zinc and cadmium from the No.1 ZLR exceed the limit values by 6.45 and 2.55 times, respectively. The leaching amounts of zinc and cadmium from the No.2 ZLR exceed the limit values by 4.37 and 4.80 times, respectively.更多还原