【摘要】 水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物之一,是全球30亿以上人口的主粮。由于各种病虫的危害,全球水稻生产和粮食安全受到严重威胁,其中由稻瘟病菌引起的稻瘟病是对水稻最具毁灭性的病害。抗病品种的种植与化学农药的使用能有效地控制稻瘟病的发生。但是,田间稻瘟病菌菌株适应性强、变异快,导致抗病品种连续种植后易失去抗性;同时,病菌抗药性的产生致使化学农药的控制效果降低。因此,从分子水平揭示病菌的致病机制及其与水稻的互作机制可望为研发高效低毒农药提供候选靶标,同时为抗病育种提供新的策略。本文总结了稻瘟病菌在侵染水稻过程中识别并内化水稻表面信号,通过胞内级联途径传递信号,进而分化产生侵染必需的附着胞的机制,同时介绍了该病菌分泌效应分子抑制水稻细胞的防卫反应,促进病菌侵染等方面的研究进展,并对未来有待进一步深入研究的方向进行了思考与展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice is the most important food crop across the world and it feeds over three billion people.Rice production is constantly challenged by attacks from various pathogens including the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae(M.oryzae)that causes rice blast,the most devastating disease of rice and threatens global food security.Interestingly,rice has evolved sophisticated immunity conferring every single host cell the ability to launch an immune response against M.oryzaeinfection.How does M.oryzae cope with the rice immune response during its interaction with the host and maintain its pathogenicity?This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms by which M.oryzae subverts the host-derived immunity to colonize rice cells.For example,how it recognizes surface cues to form infectious structure appressoria.We also look ahead to the key points that need to be addressed to provide a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis process and the prospects of scientific control for rice blast.更多还原