【摘要】 【目的】探究文冠果Xanthoceras sorbifolium优良无性系最佳授粉组合,提高其坐果率、种实产量,为科学配置授粉树及优良种质资源无性系化推广提供参考。【方法】以文冠果5个优良无性系为材料,进行花期物候观测、柱头可授性及花粉活力检测。进行控制授粉,分析各授粉组合受精率、坐果率、种实产量及种实性状。【结果】①5个无性系开花时间在4月27日至5月14日。②雌能花开花当天及花后1 d柱头可授性较强。③雄能花初开放和完全开放当天花粉活力较高。④综合考虑各授粉组合受精率、最终坐果率、产量及种实性状得出,10号无性系较佳授粉组合为10×16、 10×119, 14号、 15号、 16号最佳授粉组合分别为14×15、 15×16、 16×15, 10号、 14号、 15号、 16号均不适合做119号的授粉无性系。【结论】科学的授粉树配置可以提高文冠果坐果率及种实产量。图4表7参29更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The present study attempts to provide reference for scientific allocation of pollination trees and superior clone popularization of Xanthoceras sorbifolium by investigating the best pollination combinations of the excellent clones to increase fruit setting rate and seed yield. [Method] Five superior clones were chosen to observe florescence phenology, stigma receptivity, and pollen viability. Control pollination was carried out to analyze the fertilization rate, fruit setting rate, and characters of each pollination combination related to seed yield. [Result](1)The florescence stage of the 5 clones was from April 27 to May 14.(2)The stigma receptivity of female flowers was higher on the day of blooming and one day after that.(3)The pollen viability of male flowers was higher on the days of initial blooming and the complete blooming.(4)Considering fertilization rate, final fruit setting rate, seed yield, and fruit and seed characters of all pollination combinations, the optimal pollination combinations for No.10 were 10×16 and 10×119,and the recommended combinations for No.14, No.15, and No.16 were 14×15, 15×16, and 16×15 respectively. No.10, No.14, No.15 and No.16 were not suitable for pollination clone of No.119. [Conclusion] The fruit setting rate and seed yield of X. sorbifolium can be improved by scientific pollination combination. [Ch, 4 fig. 7 tab. 29 ref.]更多还原