【摘要】 采用WHO/HAI药品价格构成调查方法,调查2017年版《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录》中所列2 535种药品的实际出厂价格和市场零售价格,分析药品价格各组成部分在零售价格中所占比例。调查结果显示,在政府取消价格管制后,中国药品价格构成仍然不合理。药品实际出厂价格在零售价格中所占比例仅为25%左右,供应链上出厂价格以外的附加费用占零售价的75%左右。本文分析认为,政府管制药品价格主要源于医药市场的信息不对称引发的药品价格扭曲。借鉴发达国家药品价格管制成功经验,建议实行全部处方药价格管制、采用参考定价以及控制流通加价等政策工具,最终将实现全面降低药价的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article uses the WHO/HAI drug price composition survey methodology and conducts the price survey of the pharmaceuticals reimbursed by the National Basic Medical Insurance(NBMI). It also investigates the manufacturer’s selling prices and market retail prices of 2535 drugs listed in the NBMI in 2017, and analyzes the proportion of each component of drug price in the retail price. The survey results showed that the actual price components of the selected Chinese pharmaceuticals were still unreasonable after the government abolished the price control. The share of actual manufacturer’s selling prices in the retail prices only accounted for about 25% and additional costs accounted for around 75%, respectively. The theoretical analysis showed that prices of government controlled drugs were mainly due to the distortion of drug prices caused by the information asymmetry in the pharmaceutical market. Based on the successful experience of drug price control in developed countries such as European countries, this paper suggests that the price control of all prescription drugs, the use of reference pricing and the control of circulation price increase, i.e. markup controls along the supply chain, should be developed by the central government so as to ultimately achieve the goal of reducing drug prices in an all-round way.更多还原