【摘要】 自2019年12月新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)暴发以来,世界各国相继出现了大量新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染病例。SARS-CoV-2对全球公共卫生安全造成了巨大威胁。疫情发生以来,相关科研人员从SARS-CoV-2的病原学特点、流行病学特征、病原学检测、治疗与愈后症状等方面进行了研究。本文对上述几个方面的研究成果进行了汇总。研究发现:SARS-CoV-2以其遗传多样性和重组频繁的特点不断产生变异体,以更大的传播力感染人群;目前已知的2种传染途径为跨物种传播和人际传播,其中飞沫传播和接触传播是人际传播的主要传播途径;感染人群遍布各个年龄段,其中患有慢性疾病的老年人更容易发展成危重病人;临床检测时联合核酸和抗原抗体检测,将有助于提高SARS-CoV-2感染的检出率并排除其他冠状病毒感染的可能性;目前尚未有治疗COVID-19的特效药物,临床上广泛使用广谱抗病毒药物或中药来治疗各种症状;全球各国正在加紧研发SARS-CoV-2疫苗,部分疫苗已进入临床试验阶段。本文有助于全面了解SARS-CoV-2的研究状况,也为其后续研究及防治提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 A large number of cases infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)have appeared in many countries since December 2019 when the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)occurred,which has posed huge threat to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 has been studied by relevant researchers based on its etiology,epidemiological characteristics,etiology detection,therapy and prognosis since the outbreak,and the research results were summarized in this paper as follows :variants had been produced by SARS-CoV-2 due to its genetic diversity and frequent recombination,which had infected an increasing number of people with stronger transmission;two pathways including cross-species and interpersonal transmission had been known at present,in which,the main pathways of interpersonal transmission included droplet and contact transmission;people at all ages might be infected,especially the elderly with chronic diseases were more likely to become critical patients;the detection rate might be improved by the combination of detection of nucleic acid and antigen antibody that could eliminate the possibility of other coronavirus infection;no effective drugs for COVID-19 had been available at present,instead,broad-spectrum antiviral drugs or traditional Chinese medicine were widely used in clinical practice;the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 had been sped up by all countries,and some vaccines had been at clinical trial stage. The status of development of SARS-CoV-2 were summarized in this paper,which also provided some references for future study and control of it.更多还原