【摘要】 目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下医疗机构对口罩的选择使用和管理,提出疫情防护中应重点关注的技术指标和应急管理措施。方法:对国内外各类口罩技术标准及适用范围进行调研对比,结合COVID-19传播途径进行合成血液穿透、过滤效率、压力差、微生物指标等重点技术指标分析,建立分标准及分等级的发放原则实施应急管理措施。结果:在对医用口罩选择的使用和管理中,其他国家的技术要求与我国存在差异,需针对疫情应重点关注合成血液穿透能力及过滤效率指标,根据防护等级结合具体情况、专家指导制定防护标准进行选择,按照分标准及分等级的发放原则实施应急管理。医用防护口罩的液体阻隔能力及其密合性优势可为医护人员提供最佳防护,符合美国ASTMF2100标准、欧洲EN 14683-2019标准Type IIR级、日本JIST8062:2010以及国际标准ISO 22609:2005,则按照医用外科口罩标准应急使用。结论:在物资紧缺形势下对医用口罩实施应急管理,进行科学选择、合理分配和及时调拨,能够避免院内各类人员医用防护口罩使用不当和防护超标,有效提供应急保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the use and management of medical institutions for choosing mask under Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic,and propose the technical indicators and emergency management measures which should be paid close attention in preventing and controlling pandemic.Methods:By investigating,researching and comparing the technical standards and application scope of various kinds of mask at home and abroad,and combining route of transmission of COVID-19 to analyze the key technical indicators and to establish distribution principles with different standards and grades in implementing emergency management measures.Results:In the use and management of choosing medical masks,there are several differences in technical requirements between China and other countries.Aimed at the pandemic,the indicators of synthetic blood penetration ability and the filtration efficiency should be especially paid.And the use and management should combine content situation and expert guidance to formulate standards of prevention and protection for selection according to the grades of prevention and protection.The separate ability against to fluid and the advantage of leakproofness of medical mask could provide best prevention and protection for doctors and paramedics.Those,which passed the American ASTM F2100 standard,the Type IIR level in the European EN 14683-2019 standard,the Japanese JIST8062:2010 and ISO 22609:2005 test methods,could be used in emergency accordance with the medical surgical mask standard.Conclusion:The emergency management with reasonable distribution and timely cannibalization that is implemented for medical mask under situation of material shortage can avoid the improper use and over-protection of medical mask of various kinds of personnel in hospital.更多还原