【摘要】 针对重大突发事件的应急物资救援,研究了应急物流中心的选址及应急物资的调运问题。利用离散的情景集合描述受灾点应急物资需求的不确定性以及应急物资运输成本和运输时间的不确定性,同时考虑应急救援成本和应急救援时间两个目标,建立了多目标应急物流中心选址的确定型模型和鲁棒优化模型。为将多目标问题转化为单目标问题,利用成本单目标和时间单目标的最优结果将多目标转化为相对值再加权处理,该方法既可消除多个目标之间的单位及数量级差异,还可以根据问题的数据变化进行动态调整。以提供应急物资救援服务的设施作为编码,设计了一种通用的混合蛙跳算法。为检验模型和算法的有效性,设计了一个多情景的算例,结果表明两个模型和算法具备良好的可行性和有效性,且鲁棒优化模型能较好地保持对各种不确定性的抗干扰能力;最后,讨论分析了成本偏好权重和鲁棒约束系数的影响,结果表明可根据成本偏好权重的取值范围来区分各种应急救援阶段,体现不同救援阶段的救援要求及特征,并给出了成本偏好权重和鲁棒约束系数的取值建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 To solve the location of emergency logistics centers and the transportation of emergency materials after major emergencies, the multi-objective deterministic model and the multi-objective robust optimization model for emergency logistics centers location problem are developed, taking into consideration of the following characteristics: the uncertainty about demand of emergency materials and transportation cost/time in the transport process, tow objectives of emergency rescue cost and emergency response time. We describe the uncertainties of the problem by using scenarios and develop special method to transform the multi-objective problem into a single target problem that uses the optimal result of single-objective model(cost target and time target, respectively) and linear weighting method by cost preference weight. A universal shuffled frog leading algorithm is designed which uses facility points providing the rescue material as coding schemes. To verify the validity of the model and algorithm, a multi-scenario calculation example is designed. The results show that the models and the algorithm have high feasibility and effectiveness, and robust optimization model can maintain good anti-interference ability for various uncertain types. The influence of cost preference weight and robust constraint coefficient is discussed, and the results shows that we can distinguish various emergency rescue phases by the range of cost preference weight. In addition, we give some suggestions on cost preference weight and robust constraint coefficient.更多还原