【摘要】 背景:哈萨克族主要居住在新疆西北部的伊犁哈萨克自治州,其中约80%的哈萨克族分布在伊犁、塔城和阿勒泰地区。为了更全面地了解哈萨克族的体质特征,在新疆伊犁巩留县吉尔格郎乡对20-86岁之间的哈萨克族进行了活体观察和头面部的测量。目的:了解新疆伊犁哈萨克族成人头面部形态特征。方法:按照《人体测量手册》规定的方法,在新疆伊犁巩留县吉尔格郎乡测量了422例(男219例,女203例)哈萨克族成年人31项头面部指标,并计算了12项头面部体质指数。结果与结论:①哈萨克族人群上眼睑皱褶出现率为92.7%;蒙古褶(内眦褶)现率为9.9%;铲型和平型门齿出现率分别为6.6%和93.4%;凸型、凹型和直型鼻梁出现率分别为7.8%、36.5%和55.7%;斜型、纵型和横型鼻孔出现率分别为69.5%、20.8%和9.7%;凸型和非凸型下颏类型出现率分别为68.2%和31.8%;有耳垂型和无耳垂型出现率分别为96.7%和3.3%;有额头发际和无额头发际的出现率为72%和28%;直发和卷发的出现率分别为99.1%和0.9%。②哈萨克族男性多属于圆头型、特圆头型(81.7%;52.5%)、高头型(93.6%)、狭头型(84%)、特狭鼻型(98.2%)、超阔面型(74%);哈萨克族女性多属于圆头型、特圆头型(76.4%;55.7%)、高头型(97%)、狭头型(84%)、特狭鼻型(98.2%)、超阔面型(74%)。③哈萨克族成人具有蒙古人种北亚类型头面部特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 BACKGROUND: The Kazakhs mainly live in the Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Xinjiang. About 80% of the Kazakhs live in the areas of Yili, Tacheng, and Altay. To fully understand the physical characteristics of Kazakhs, a viviperception and head and face measurements of Kazakhs at the age of 20 and 86 were performed in Gilgelang Township, Gongliu County, Xinjiang. OBJECTIVE: To grasp the morphological traits in the head and face of Kazakh adults in Xinjiang. METHODS: Thirty-one head-face indexes of 422 Kazakh adults(219 males and 203 females) from Jiergelang county, Xinjiang were investigated. Twelve physical indices of the head and face were calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the Kazakh group, the incidence of eye fold of the upper eyelid was 92.7%; the rate of mongoloid fold was 9.9%; the appearance rates of flat and vertical types was 6.6% and 93.4%, respectively; the appearance rates of convex, concave and straight nasal profiles were 7.8%, 36.5% and 55.7%, respectively; the appearance rates of oblique, vertical and horizontal nostril shapes were 69.5%, 20.8% and 9.7%, respectively; the appearance rates of the chin of straight type and convex type were 68.2% and 31.8%, respectively; the appearance rates of earlobe type and non-earlobe type were 96.7% and 3.3%, respectively; the appearance rates of forehead hairline and non-forehead hairline were 72% and 28%, respectively; the appearance rates of straight hair and curly hair were 99.1% and 0.9%, respectively. Most of Kazakh males have dolichocephaly and hyperdolichocephaly(81.7%, 52.5%), hypsicephaly(93.6%), aerocephaly(84%), hyrerleptorrhiny(98.2%), and hypercuryen(74%). Kazak females most have dolichocephaly and hyperdolichocephaly(76.4%, 55.7%), hypsicephaly(97%), aerocephaly(84%), hyrerleptorrhiny(98.2%), and hypercuryen(74%). The head-face characteristics of Kazak population belongs to the North Asian type of Mongoloid.更多还原