【摘要】 快速准确的分子诊断是控制传染病和疫情暴发的关键工具。随着新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染导致的肺炎患者数量迅速增加和疫情蔓延,已有SARS-CoV-2基因组序列、核酸检测的诊断试剂和方法相继报道,高深度全基因组测序和RT-PCR是目前检测SARS-CoV-2的重要方法。但是,核酸检测阴性而影像学诊断阳性的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)案例逐步增加,因此,提高核酸分子诊断的效能和灵敏度是亟待解决的问题。目前,SARS-CoV-2的起源、动物和人的传播途径、分子诊断及临床治疗、疫情暴发科学预警等已经成为研究热点。本文从遗传学、基因组学、病毒学和进化生物学的角度,对SARS-CoV-2基因组变异与分子诊断的近期研究进展进行分析。通过比较SARS-CoV-2与SARS-CoV(SARS冠状病毒)基因组以及感染患者基因组变异,以期为精准快速的分子诊断、抗病毒药物的靶点筛选提供依据,同时为SARS-CoV-2追踪溯源、精准快速核酸分子诊断方案设计、临床防治提供新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rapid and accurate detection of contagium virus is a key tool for controlling the outbreak.As the number of patients infected with2019 novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)pneumonia is increasing and the epidemic is spreading,many hospitals,laboratories and pharmaceutical companies have developed diagnostic reagents that can detect SARS-CoV-2.Currently,genome sequencing or real-time PCR is a method for detecting SARS-CoV-2.However,there have been reported cases of negative results by nucleic acid detection but confirmed on the radiological CT scan.How to improve the diagnostic efficiency and the sensitivity of molecular detection remains to be solved.To analyze the variations in viral genomic sequence may be helpful in guiding the prevention and treatment of diseases infected by SARS-CoV-2.At present,controversy still exists over the source of SARS-CoV-2 even though the probable origin is bat in nature.This article summarizes the recent findings of SARS-CoV-2 from genetic,virological and evolutionary biological perspectives.By comparing the genomic variations among SARSCoV-2 infected patients,we hope the findings can be used in the viral detection and potential antiviral therapy.Also,it will be great if we can trace the spread of the virus from one person to another,which will be an much effective way to predict and control the spread from the virus-carrier without symptoms at the incubation period to the others.更多还原