【摘要】 为了研究不同培肥措施对盐碱化土壤改良效果,以内蒙古河套灌区盐碱地为对象,通过3年田间试验,研究了等氮素条件下不同培肥措施对土壤pH值、全盐、脱盐率、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷等指标的影响。结果表明:不同培肥措施土壤剖面盐分变化趋势基本一致,即0～20 cm降低,20～60 cm升高,60～100 cm稳定,其中CK、化肥处理表层土壤（0～20 cm）盐分含量最高,收获期土壤盐分分别为5.33和5.24 g·kg^-1;秸秆还田、秸秆还田+有机肥、秸秆还田+有机肥+化肥配施处理盐分含量最低,收获期土壤盐分分别为5.0、4.58、4.73 g·kg^-1。不同培肥措施0～10、10～20 cm土壤脱盐率分别为7.81%～20.70%、4.48%～16.96%,其中有机肥、秸秆还田与有机肥、秸秆还田+有机肥+化肥配施对促进盐分淋洗、抑制反盐的效果较好,土壤脱盐率分别为11.99%、18.83%、15.65%,以CK和单施化肥处理效果最差,分别为5.74%、6.37%。作物生育期内,不同培肥措施的土壤pH值变化差异不显著,但连续施用有机肥、有机肥+秸秆以及有机肥+秸秆还田+化肥配施耕层土壤pH值较CK处理降幅较大。与CK相比,不同培肥措施均显著提高耕层土壤碱解氮、有效磷的含量（P <0.05）,其含量分别提高29.43%～93.14%、17.45%～161.84%;有机肥、有机肥与化肥配施显著提高了土壤有机质和全氮的含量,分别为14.66%、13.36%和13.36%、17.35%。有机肥、秸秆还田、化肥三者配施均能显著提高向日葵产量,其中有机肥+秸秆还田+化肥处理对向日葵产量提高的最为显著,较CK增产44.41%。因此,在等氮素条件下,河套灌区应重视有机肥与化肥、有机肥与秸秆还田、有机肥与秸秆还田+化肥的配合施用,不仅可以培肥土壤、提高脱盐率,还可获得一定的高产。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of different fertilization on the properties of saline soil were studied in Hetao plain in western Inner Mongolia from 2016 to 2018.Soil pH,total salt,desalination rate,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available phosphorus were measured during the growth of sunflowers.The results showed that the dynamic change of soil salt in different soil profiles presented same trend in different fertilization measures,which was decreased in 0 ～ 20 cm,increased in 20 ～ 60 cm,and showed stable in 60 ～ 100 cm.The treatments of no fertilizer（CK）and chemical fertilizer（T1）resulted in the highest salt content in topsoil（0 ～ 20 cm）,which were 5.33 and 5.24 g·kg^-1,respectively.The soil salt contents were 5.00,4.58,and 4.73 g·kg^-1,respectively,for treatments of straw（T3）,straw+organic（T5）and straw+organic+fertilizer（T7）.The soil desalination rates were 7.81% ～ 20.70% in 0 ～ 10 cm,and 4.48% ～ 16.96% in 10 ～ 20 cm.The soil desalination rates were significantly higher in T2（11.99%）,T5（18.83%）,T7（15.65%）comparing to CK（5.74%）and T1（6.37%）.The soil pH was not significantly different among treatments.But the soil pH of the topsoil was lower in T2,T5,T7 treatments than that in CK under 3 years long-term application.Available nitrogen and available phosphorus significantly increased by 29.43% ～ 93.14% and 17.45% ～ 161.84%,respectively,comparing to CK（P < 0.05）.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen only increased under T2 and T4 by 13.36% ～ 14.66% and 13.26% ～ 17.35%,respectively.Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with manure and stalk significantly increased the yield of sunflower by 44.41% comparing to CK.Therefore,partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with manure or stalk is a better management in saline-alkali soil,which not only improve soil nutrient condition,increase desalination rate,but also increase the yield of sunflower.更多还原