【摘要】 通过在滴灌和漫灌地建立永久观测井,测定地下水位、水质和土壤理化性质,研究灌溉方式改变对绿洲过渡带地下水和土壤的影响。结果表明:滴灌和漫灌方式地下水位距农田由近及远逐渐降低,滴灌下4月地下水位最浅,11月份最深;漫灌下4-6月较深,9-11月较浅,滴灌对过渡带地下水位影响显著（p<0. 05）。滴灌地下水矿化度、pH值、阴阳离子含量均随距农田由近及远逐渐降低,近农田A1样地地下水阴离子(Cl^-、SO₄^2-)与阳离子（K⁺/Na⁺）含量最高;漫灌地下水矿化度与阴、阳离子含量距农田由近及远均呈"V"字形变化,地下水水质指标均明显优于滴灌方式。滴灌下过渡带土壤含盐量、有机质含量距农田越近含量越高;漫灌则相反,呈逐渐增加趋势。滴灌下土壤全氮、速效钾与八大离子成正相关性,全磷与八大离子呈负相关性;漫灌下全磷与八大离子成正相关性,速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷与八大离子呈负相关。滴灌下土壤含水量、含盐量与离农田距离均呈负相关（p<0. 05）,而漫灌下它们的相关性较低（p>0. 05）。本研究认为,滴灌方式下土壤盐分表聚、土壤养分降低,地下水位降低的趋势大于漫灌方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 By establishing permanent observation wells in drip irrigation and flood irrigation areas,the groundwater level,water quality and soil physical and chemical properties were measured,and the effect of changes of irrigation methods on groundwater and soil characteristics of the desert oasis ectone was studied. The results showed that the groundwater level of drip irrigation and flood irrigation decreased from near to far from the farmland. The groundwater level was the shallowest under drip irrigation in April,and the deepest in November. The flood irrigation was deep from April to June,and shallow from September to November. The drip irrigation had a significant impact on groundwater levels in the transition zone（p<0. 05）. The salinity,pH value and anion-cation content of drip irrigation were gradually decreased from near to far from the farmland; groundwater has the highest anion(Cl^-,SO₄^2-) and cation（K⁺/Na⁺） content in the near-field A1 plot; the groundwater mineralization and the content of cations and cations in the flood irrigation showed a"V"shape change from near to far from the farmland,and the groundwater quality indicators were significantly better than those of drip irrigation.. The soil salinity and organic matter content in the transition zone under drip irrigation increased as the distance from the farmland became higher; in contrast,flood irrigation gradually increased. Under the drip irrigation,total nitrogen and available potassium were positively correlated with the eight major ions,and total phosphorus was negatively correlated with the eight major ions.. Under the flood irrigation,total phosphorus was positively correlated with the eight major ions,and available potassium,alkaline nitrogen,and available phosphorus were negative with the eight major ions. Related. The soil water content and salt content under drip irrigation were negatively correlated with the distance from the farmland（p <0. 05）,while their correlations were lower under flood irrigation（p> 0. 05）. This study believes that under the drip irrigation method,soil salt concentration and soil nutrient decrease,and the trend of lower groundwater level are greater than that of flood irrigation method.更多还原