【摘要】 融雪剂广泛应用于冬季路面除冰雪，研究者们对高效、环保的融雪剂做了大量研究，而对融雪剂使用量的理论研究较少。由于缺乏理论指导，融雪剂的使用多依据经验，使用量少不能满足快速除冰雪恢复道路通行能力的要求，增加用量能提高除冰雪效果，但会增加成本同时污染环境。基于对融雪剂的化冰机理和融雪剂凝固点与质量浓度的关系的探究，提出计算氯化钠、氯化钙等五种常用融雪剂的理论最低使用量计算公式。采用改进后的SHRP法测试化冰率以评价公式的适用性。结果表明公式具有较好的适用性，使用融雪剂2 h后化冰率达到甚至超过50%,氯化钙和氯化镁化冰效果较好，乙醇和乙二醇在-5℃条件下具有较好的化冰效果，氯化钠的化冰效果较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deicers are widely used in winter road maintenance.A lot of researches on efficient and environmental deicers have been carried out while the salting rates are less.For the absent of theoretical guidance, the manner of deicers application is on empirical evidence.And the use of small amounts of deicers cannot keep roads clear quickly.Increasing the rated of deicers can remove the snow and ice efficiently, but increasing costs and hazarding environment.Based on the principle of the ice melting mechanism and the relationship between the freezing point and mass concentration of deicers, the theoretical formula of five commonly used deicers such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride was proposed to calculate the basic salting rates.The improved standard test method for measuring melting rate, SHRP,was used to evaluate the applicability of the formula.The results showed that the formula is appropriate, the melting rate reached and even exceeded 50% after 2h.The optimal deicers were calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, and ethanol and ethylene glycol were efficient at-5 ℃,while sodium chloride was ineffective.更多还原