【摘要】 纳米科学是20世纪80年代末发展起来的新兴学科,与信息科学、生命科学并列为21世纪最有前途的三大新兴科学技术领域。由于纳米材料特殊的尺寸和物理结构,具有特殊的催化、光电和抗菌等性能,因此广泛应用于医药、工业、建筑、化妆品、能源和环保等领域。纳米材料的大量生产和应用不可避免地导致人工纳米颗粒(engineered nanoparticles,ENPs)进入到海洋环境中,对海洋渔业生物造成潜在威胁。我国是水产品生产、贸易和消费大国,海洋水产品是我国居民粮食供给和优质蛋白质供给的重要保障。因此,ENPs对海洋渔业生物的毒性效应以及对水产品质量安全的影响越来越受到关注。本文总结了海洋中ENPs的来源,归纳了其在海洋中的环境行为,分析其对海洋渔业生物的毒性效应及致毒机制,探讨其在海洋食物链中的传递和生物放大作用以及对水产品质量安全的潜在影响,并对目前所面临的问题做出总结,对未来的研究工作做出展望,以期为客观评价ENPs的海洋渔业环境效应提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanoscience is an emerging subject since the end of 1980 s,which is one of the three most promising fields of science and technology together with information science and life science in the 21 st Century. Due to its special size and physical structure,nanomaterials has special catalytic,photoelectric and antibacterial properties,which is widely used in medicine,industry,construction,cosmetics,energy,environmental protection and other fields. The large-scale production and application of nanomaterials inevitably lead to the introduction of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs) into the marine environment,which poses a potential threat to marine fishery organisms. China is a big country in the production,trade and consumption of aquatic products. Seafood are important guarantee for the food supply and high-quality protein supply of Chinese residents. Therefore,the toxic effects of ENPs on marine fisheries and the quality and safety of aquatic products have attracted growing attention. This study reviewed the sources of ENPs and their environmental behaviors in the ocean,analyzed their toxic effects and mechanisms on marine fishery organisms,and elucidated their trophic transfer,biomagnification and potential impact on the quality and safety of seafood. This study can provide scientific basis for evaluating the impact of ENPs on marine fishery environment by summarizing the current issues and proposing prospects for the future studies.更多还原