【摘要】 文章以社会生态系统理论、符号互动论和女性主义理论为依据,辅以半结构式访谈,对新中国成立以来不同时期的女运动员、相关教练员和体育管理者进行了采访,从文化传统、政治环境、经济发展等宏观因素,国家政策、运动队管理、家庭关系等中观因素及运动员训练、生活和比赛等微观因素进行了分析,揭示了新中国成立以来不同时期国家、社会性别与竞技体育之间的复杂而多元变化的动态关系。研究表明:新中国成立之初到20世纪60年代初,以"新社会"为特色的国家认同,以男女平等为标志的社会性别关系与以代表新中国参赛为特征的竞技体育之间初步形成了积极的互动关系;从20世纪60年代中期到20世纪70年代末期,以"阶级斗争"为特色的国家认同,以男女都一样为标志的社会性别关系与以"友谊第一、比赛第二"为特征的竞技体育之间存在着交互影响的互动关系;从1979年到2000年,以小康社会为特色的国家认同,以多元平等为标志的社会性别关系与以奥运争光为特征的竞技体育之间呈现出一种互为促进的良性关系,国家形象和社会性别通过竞技运动成绩而发生交互影响;新世纪以来,以民族复兴为特色的国家认同,以合作竞争为标志的社会性别关系与以均衡发展为特征的竞技体育之间呈现错综复杂的互动关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The article, based on social ecosystem theory, symbolic interaction theory and feminist theories, and supplemented by semi-structured interviews with female athletes, coaches and sports managers in different periods since the founding of P. R. China, analyzed the macro factors of cultural tradition, political environment and economic development and the mezzo factors of national policies, sports team management, family relations, and the micro factors of athlete training, life and competition to reveal the changing complex and diverse relationships among nation, social gender and competitive sports in different periods since the founding of P. R. China. The study shows that from the founding of P. R. China to the early 1960 s, an active and interactional relationship occurred among national identity characterized by the "new society", gender relations marked by gender equality and competitive sports characterized by China’s participation in world sports events; from the mid-1960 s to the late 1970 s, an interactive relationship was forged among national identity characterized by "class struggle", gender relations marked by both men and women playing the same role, and competitive sports encouraging "friendship first, competition second"; from 1979 to 2000, a mutually promotional relationship was developed among national identity characterized by a well-off society, gender relations marked by diversity and equality, and competitive sports characterized by Olympic glory, country image and social gender were interactively affected through the performance of competitive sports; since the new century, an intricate and interactive relationship has emerged among national identity characterized by national rejuvenation, gender relations marked by cooperation and competition, and competitive sports characterized by balanced development.更多还原