【摘要】 哲学中最重要的"主体"概念,虽自亚里士多德时代起就赋予"承担者、理智、精神、自我、自我意识、此在和人"等角色,并将其凌驾于身体之上,其实,主体、自我或者我就是我的身体,此在或者人就是身体的存在。"身心统一的整体性身体"或"主客体有差异的统一的身体"才是真正的认知主体、审美主体、道德主体和实践主体。正是身体的经验、经历以及身体的意识、欲求、记忆、反应、感知、思维和操作能力践行着、体现着和反映着人的智慧、情感和意志。正是人的身体承担着人的全部职能和目的:创造了全部的物质文明、精神文明和人本身,并决定着世界的一切。因此,只有人的身体才能够与周围世界实现融合与统一,使得构成宇宙万物的"空间就是身体占据的所有场所的总和,同样历史(即时间)也被视为占据了整个场所的身体"。所以,身体才真正是人类创生精神、欲望和文化的最能动、最伟大的生命力。身体完全可以只根据自身的力量竞技从各个角度对世界作出解释、估价和透视;完全能够在它的生死盛衰中带着对全部真理和错误的确证和认同,霸道地主宰伦理道德、知识和审美领域。平日是身体在运动、表达、说话、思想和认知。没有人的身体,就没有真善美的判断和存在,就没有被感知、觉识和改造的社会及宇宙,也不会有属于身体的灵魂、意识和精神。身体就是人类的一切。正基于此,马克思才指出,身体是可标价的劳动力,身体造反的旗号是革命。恩格斯也认为,从古到今都是人之身体在生物进化和文明进化过程中起着决定作用。事实上,人类也只有立足身体这个充满野性的"无人之乡"去设定自己的理想、目标和方向,才可能真正期待人性的复归、身体的解放,并最终实现"我们的身体属于我们自己"。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although the most important concept of "subject" in philosophy has been endowed with the role of "undertaker, reason, spirit, ego, self-consciousness, Dasein and man" since Aristotle and is put above "body", in fact, all these are "body" or just the "existence of the body". As "the unity of the body and mind", or as the "unity with difference between subject and object", body itself is the real cognitive, aesthetic, moral and practical subject. It is the experience of the body that reflects the wisdom, emotion and will of human. It is the human body that bears all the functions and purposes of man; creates the material and spiritual civilization and human beings themselves; and determines everything in the world. Therefore, the body is truly the most dynamic and of great vitality of human creative spirit, desire and culture. It is perfectly possible for the body to interpret, evaluate and observe the world from all angles with its own power. It is on this basis that Marx points out that the body is a labor force that can be priced and revolution is essentially a physical rebellion. For Engels, it is the human body that plays a decisive role in the process of both biological and civil evolution from ancient to modern times. In fact, only when human beings builds up their own ideals and their own goals based on their body, they can truly expect the return of humanity and the comprehensive liberation of the body, and finally realize "our body belongs to ourselves".更多还原