【摘要】 鉴于高空抛物案件频发,《侵权责任法》第87条确定了以"加害人"负担为原则的补偿机制,但该规定缺乏法理基础,不具有合理性。私法特有的构造决定了风险分配必须考虑加害人行动自由与受害人权益保护之间的利益均衡。现行高空抛物规则从受害人需要救济这一片面立场出发,忽视了可归责性。现行规则本身欠缺正义性,又易引发道德风险,损及法律的公信力及权威性。故在立法论层面,《侵权责任法》第87条应予废除,受害人的损害应由社会法等其他救济途径解决。《民法典侵权责任编》(草案三次审议稿)的修改虽然在一定程度上有助于寻找真正侵权人,减少补偿义务人补偿总额,但也有亟需解决的制度联动问题。在现实主义路径之下,通过增加损害类型与程度方面的限制,以有利于减轻高空抛物规则的制度之恶,是较为现实的妥协选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of the frequent occurrence of"throwing objects from height"cases, Article 87 of Tort Liability Law establishes the compensation mechanism based on the principle of the burden of"infringers", but this provision lacks jurisprudential basis and is not reasonable. The unique structure of private law determines that the risk allocation must consider the balance between the freedom of action of the infringers and the protection of the victim’s rights and interests. From the unilateral standpoint of the victim’s need for relief, the existing rule ignores the accountability of the alleged infringers, which not only makes the rule itself lack of justice, but also easily leads to moral hazard and damages the legal credibility and authority as well. Therefore, at the level of legislation, Article 87 should be abolished. The victim’s damage should be resolved by other remedies such as social law. The revision of Tort Liability Part of the Civil Code(Draft for the Third Deliberation), to some extent, is conducive to finding the real infringer and reducing the total compensation amount of the compensation obligor, but there are also some problems of system linkage that need to be solved urgently. From a practical point of view, it is a feasible compromise to restrict damage type and degree, which is conducive to reducing the flaw of the existing rule.更多还原