【摘要】 从雍正朝中期开始,清代制度中逐渐形成了一个"回民"身份。适用该身份的人群即回族。在这一过程中,"回民"这一身份从只有民间日常生活意义,逐渐附加上了国家制度的意义。这一制度化身份主要体现在治安方面,与保甲制度紧密关联。此过程始于甘肃,由保甲组织中的特别管制办法开端,进而逐渐发展出特别登记、统计、刑例等规定和具体举措,并普及全国。这一过程以多次具体事件为契机推进,至乾隆朝基本完成。由此形成的制度性"回民"身份有着污名化特征,但因保甲制度缺乏实效而流于形式。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the middle of the Yongzheng period, a Huimin identity began to form in the Qing Dynasty system, for the Hui people. In this process, the identity of the Huimin has gradually added the meaning of the state system from the meaning of the daily life. This institutionalized identity as mainly reflected in the social security and punishment, and closely related to the Baojia system. The process began in Gansu, with special control measures in the Baojia system. Later, special regulations, statistics, penalties and other regulations and measures were gradually developed and popularized throughout the country. This process was promoted by several specific events and basically completed in the Qianlong Dynasty. The institutional Huimin identity has a stigma, but it is in the form, because of the weak Baojia system.更多还原