【摘要】 围绕当前中国源头治理与产业转型升级之间脱节严重的突出问题,在编制行业小类污染源全覆盖且取值简便的产强系数等级划分表的基础上,构建全国行业小类农业、工业、服务业和生活源化学耗氧量(COD)和总氮(TN)污染物产强环境准入基准体系,并以青岛市为例,评价污染源产强环境准入基准的可靠性和准确性。通过聚类分组和归并,"全国产强列表手册"编列的3 022个COD和1 734个TN亚小类污染源归一化产强系数都可划分为13个等级。对于"全国产强列表手册"编列的321个COD和133个TN行业小类,产强准入基准等级构成有显著差异,分别有10和12个等级,其中不同等级占比分别是II-2和IV-6最高,V-9和VI-12最低。根据产强系数检验性监测结果按从严标定准入基准表明,对于青岛市254个COD和109个TN行业小类,产强准入基准构成与全国有所不同,分别有10和11个等级,其中分别有77和14个低于全国准入基准等级。根据青岛市陆源COD和TN产污数量比较分析表明,分级比分类产强核算结果平均相差约6%,远远低于产强系数检验性监测偏差(49%)和13等级产强等级内变幅(39%)。这说明,在按"全国行业小类COD和TN污染物产强环境准入基准体系"建立完善中国污染源产强环境准入制度中,不仅按产污数量分级产强核算结果具有相当的准确性,而且按从严标定准入基准的原则也具有相当的可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is a serious disconnection between emission source treatment and industrial transformation in China. To overcome this problem, a grading-classification table of pollutant generation intensity coefficients(PGIC), which covers all the industrial classes and can be assigned simply, was compiled. On the basis of these, an environmental access benchmark(EAB) system of Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) and Total Nitrogen(TN) PGIC for sub-class Industry of household, agriculture, industry and service sectors in China was established. According the clustering classification, total normalized 3 022 PGICs of COD sub-class and 1 734 PGICs of TN sub-class, which are compiled in a series of national PGIC handbooks, could be divided into 13 grades from theI-1 to VII-13 on the base of principles of ranking grade while the values of PGICs cross the integer, identifying grades while the values of PGICs cross non-integer, combining the super-low values of PGICs. There are significant differences for PGIC access benchmark grade of the total 321 COD and 133 TN industrial classes. COD and TN PGICs cover 10 and 12 grades, respectively. Among them, the COD and TN PGICs classed in the II-2 and IV-6 grade account for the highest proportions, those in V-9 and VI-12 take up the lowest proportions. According to the test monitoring results of PIGC and the principle to set strict access benchmark for PIGC, there are some differences between the constitutes of access benchmark grade for the 254 COD and 109 TN industrial classes in Qingdao than that in the whole China. COD and TN PGICs of Qingdao cover 10 and 11 grades, respectively. Among them, the PIGCs of 77 COD and 14 industrial classes in Qingdao is lower the grade of national EAB. There are about 6% deviations between the terrigenous COD(TN) generation amounts calculated on the base of the hierarchically-classed PIGC and those on the base of categorically-classed PIGC from Qingdao. The deviations is far lower than that of the test monitoring PIGCs(49%) and also far lower the varying range of hierarchical 13-grade PIGC in one grade(39%). During the process to develop and improve the access benchmark regulations for Chinese pollution emission sources on the base of the EAB system of COD and TN PIGC for national industrial Classes, not only the terrigenous generation amounts calculated on the base of the hierarchically-classed PIGC are quite accurate, but also the principle of setting strict access benchmark for PIGC has considerable reliability.更多还原