【摘要】 公共池塘治理理论通常将社区之外的治理者笼统地视为一个整体的外部变量,对其具体的作用机制缺乏深入研究。文章将基层政府从这个整体中剥离出来,并对其作用机制进行专门研究。在青海省玉树藏族自治州Y村,当地虫草采集治理在保持社区治理的同时,基层政府作为外部治理者也介入其中。基于公共池塘治理理论中社区成功治理公共池塘资源的八项原则,文章首先评价当前Y村虫草采集治理的有效性,进而从基层政府的介入过程分析其作用机制和背后的行为逻辑。研究发现,Y村社区治理与基层政府介入相结合的虫草采集治理模式是有效的;基层政府作为正式制度的执行者,在规则制定、监督执行、以及协调冲突方面发挥作用。其背后的行为逻辑是,为了维持社会稳定而坚持"集体采挖"的原则,同时对不威胁该原则的村内自治规则的弹性采取默认的态度。针对公共池塘资源治理的研究,有必要在理论构建和实例分析中关注外部治理者的角色和内在行动逻辑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theory of common-pool resources( CPR) governance takes the different level governments outside the community as a whole and treats it as an external variable,and few studies have been conducted to explore how governments function in CPR governance,particularly the local government which is the interlinkage between the community and the formal institution makers in the upper-level governments. In the Y village of Yushu of Qinghai Province,the community-based natural resource management still works in the caterpillar fungus collection with the local government directly intervening.Whether the governance mode of the Y village was effective or not? What was the function and behavior logic of the county government when it involved in the community CPR governance? Based on the field survey,we firstly evaluated the effectiveness of the CPR governance mode of the Y Village by applying the eight principles for successful CPR management proposed by Ostrom; then we presented the functioning roles of the county government when intervened the community CPR management; finally,we analyzed the behavior logic of the local government intervention. We found that it’s effective governance by the community and local government,and the county government played a vital role in the aspects of institution supply,supervision,sanctions,as well as the reconciliation of the conflict. The logic of the county government intervention was that,insisting the caterpillar fungus must be kept as the commons in the village level to sustain the social stable,under this unshakable principle the county government took flexible strategies to support and facilitate the community’s self-management. Theoretically,our study highlights that the outside government is not just an external variable,and its interaction with the community needs to be explored further to develop the CPR theory.更多还原