【摘要】 针对目前国内缺乏藜麦专用播种机械的现状,设计了一种藜麦覆膜精量播种机。根据藜麦覆膜精量种植农艺要求采用滴灌管浅埋开沟技术,使用滑刀式开沟器在两侧种行间开出宽45 mm、深20mm的浅沟用于埋设滴灌管;采用随动仿形覆膜装置将地膜铺设于整平装置整平后的地表上;设计了翼勺式取种器,确定了种勺结构和侧孔、容种腔的长度,以实现藜麦精量取种;采用滚筒式穴播器在地膜上打穴播种,采用覆土装置将土壤输送至种行进行覆盖,完成播种过程。以白藜品种"陇藜1号"为试验对象采用三因素四水平正交试验设计方法,试验分析播种机的作业速度、侧孔长度、充种高度对播种性能的影响。结果表明,当播种机作业速度为1.0 m/s、侧孔长度为10 mm、充种高度140 mm时播种机性能指标最佳此时合格指数为85.4%,空穴指数为1.7%漏播指数为5.2%,重播指数为9.4%,播深合格指数为88.1%,各项性能指标均达到了设计要求和相关标准要求,满足藜麦种植的覆膜精量播种要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Quinoa as an emerging healthy food of rich nutrition has developed rapidly in recent years,but there is little research about the farming equipment of quinoa.Considering the shortage of research on dedicated sowing machine of quinoa in China,a film mulch precision quinoa seed sowing machine was developed.Based on the planting requirements of film-covering precision quinoa,the drip irrigation pipes were buried in the trench(45 mm wide and 20 mm deep) between rows dug by the obtuse furrow opener.A layer of film was laid by the adaptive profiling film covering device on the surface flattened by the leveling device.A wing-spoon seed storage tank was designed with specified structure and sizes of the spoon,side holes and seed chamber.Six drum-type hole sowing devices(with the radius of the seed metering device as 210 mm) were used to dig holes and sow seeds through the film.The whole precision sowing process was completed by covering rows with soil conveyed via the earthing roller.With a white variety of quinoa "Long Quinoa No.1" as the test object,using orthogonal test method of three factors and four levels,the influence of operating speed,length of the seed chamber and seed depth on the seeding result was studied.The result indicated that the factors for the qualification of the sowing machine rank from top to down were operating speed,the length of the seed chamber and seed depth.By optimization,when the moving speed of the machine was 1.0 m/s,the length of the side hole was 10 mm and the seed depth was 140 mm,the machine achieved its best performance.Specifically,the machine had a qualified rate(2～4 seeds per hole) of 85.4%,empty rate(no seed) of 1.7%,shortage rate(less than 2 seeds per hole) of 5.2% and repetition rate(over 4 seeds per hole) of 9.4% with rate of qualified depth of 88.1%.All these indicators either matched or exceeded the design requirements and related standards,perfectly in line with the growing requirements of quinoa.The research result can provide theoretical reference for film mulch precision quinoa sowing and promote the mechanization of growing quinoa.更多还原