【摘要】 长期大量使用无机肥会降低土壤有机物存量,影响土壤微生物生存,破坏土壤肥力,最终降低作物产量。有机肥中含有大量微生物及各种微生物分泌的酶、激素等活性物质,施用有机肥能有效提高土壤微生物的数量和种类,改善土壤肥力,为作物生长提供有利的条件。目前,大型有机肥施肥机仅能在平原地区工作,无法应用于丘陵山区。为提高有机肥在丘陵地区的利用率和作业效率,促进农业可持续性发展,结合我国丘陵地区施肥作业现状,设计了一种倾斜刮板式固态有机肥施肥机,建立了刮板的力学模型,分析了施肥机的工作原理。施肥机作业时,控制系统检测施肥机的行走速度,CPU通过算法运算出相应的施肥速度,通过控制排肥器的偏转速度及刮板的旋转速度来对排肥量进行控制。试验结果表明:控制系统工作稳定可靠,施肥量准确,实际施肥量与设定施肥量最大偏差小于6%;施肥均匀性好,均匀性变异系数小于7%,单位面积实际施肥量及施肥均匀性与施肥机的作业速度无关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Long-run application of chemical fertilizers shall reduce soil organic storage, influence the survival of soil microorganisms, destroy soil fertility and reduce crop yield. However, organic fertilizers contain a large quantity of microorganisms and active substances secreted by various microorganisms, such as enzyme and hormone. Therefore, organic fertilizers can boost quantities and kinds of soil microorganisms, improve soil fertility and provide favorable conditions for crop growth. Nowadays, large organic fertilizers can be only applied in plain areas rather than in hilly areas. Combined with the current condition of fertilization in hilly areas, rotatory fertilizer distributors of tilt scraper solid organic fertilizer have been designed, to improve the utilization ratio and efficiency of organic fertilizers in hilly areas and to facilitate agricultural sustainable development. The organic fertilizer distributors are comprised of the scraper fertilizer apparatus, the propel machinery and the control system of overall unit. The paper has established the dynamic model of scrapers and analyzed the working principle of the fertilizer distributor. When operating the fertilizer distributor, the control system will determine its walking velocity; CPU shall calculate the fertilization velocity through computing methods. The fertilizer amount shall be controlled by controlling the deflection velocity of fertilizers and the rotating velocity of scrapes. Results have shown that the organic fertilizer distributor has a stable and reliable control system, precise fertilizer amount and less than six percent deviation between the actual amount and the setting amount. It also has a good homogeneity, the variation coefficient of the homogeneity is less than seven percent. The actual fertilizer amount and the setting amount have little relation with the operating velocity of fertilizer distributors.更多还原