【摘要】 太阳能是平流层飞艇的理想能源,其热特性与飞艇浮力、蒙皮强度息息相关。准确预测飞艇的温度场是飞艇设计的重要步骤,但现有研究缺乏对太阳能电池的热特性分析。提出一种包括太阳辐射,天空、地面长波辐射,蒙皮红外辐射和对流换热的飞艇模型,将几何模型离散化,编写C++程序计算和分析光伏电池的转化效率、吸收率、发射率、热阻和飞艇朝向对飞艇热性能、光伏阵列输出功率的影响。结果表明,较大的光伏阵列转化效率、发射率和等效热阻有利于改善飞艇"超冷"和"超热"现象的改善。光伏电池的辐射特性对光伏电池和氦气温度的影响最大:吸收率从0.5增加到0.9,主氦气囊昼夜温差升高约11.2 K,光伏电池最高温度升高约29.8 K;发射率从0.1增加到0.9,主氦气囊昼夜温差降低约15.3 K,光伏电池最高温度降低约50.2 K。计算结果为飞艇的热稳定性的优化提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solar energy is an ideal energy source for stratospheric airships, and its thermal characteristics are closely related to airship buoyancy and envelope strength. Accurately predicting the airship temperature field is a significant step in airship design process, where as analyses of the thermal characteristics of solar cells in existing research are inadequate. An airship model including solar radiation, sky and ground long-wave radiation, envelope infrared radiation and convection heat transfer was proposed. The effects of conversion efficiency, absorptivity, emissivity, thermal resistance and airship orientation on thermal performance of airship and photovoltaic array output power were calculated and analyzed by a program written in C++. The results show that the larger photovoltaic array conversion efficiency, emissivity and thermal resistance are beneficial to ameliorate the "over cold" and "over hot" phenomena. The radiation characteristics of photovoltaic cells have the greatest influence on the temperature of photovoltaic cells and helium. When the absorptivity increases from 0.5 to 0.9, the day-night temperature difference of main gasbag increases by 11.2 K, and the maximum temperature of the photovoltaic cells rises by 29.8 K. The emissivity increases from 0.1 to 0.9, the day-night temperature difference of main gasbag decreases to 15.3 K, and the maximum temperature of the photovoltaic cells reduces to 50.2 K. The calculation results have some reference value for the optimization of the thermal stability of the airship.更多还原