【摘要】 通过跨越10年的2个时间段,对全国22个省、市、自治区70种作物、3 602家农户的施肥基本情况进行调查并对统计数据予以汇总,以掌握我国施肥复合化率水平、农户习惯施肥养分投入状况及变化规律,进而明确复合肥产业的未来发展趋势,为施肥推荐和宏观政策的制定提供理论支撑。研究结果表明:目前我国春玉米、夏玉米、小麦、蔬菜及果树施用的N、P₂O₅、K₂O平均复合化率分别为69.5%、92.1%、84.4%;农户习惯施肥下粮食作物玉米、小麦、水稻的N、P₂O₅、K₂O养分投入比例平均为1.00∶0.37∶0.30,经济作物蔬菜和果树的N、P₂O₅、K₂O养分投入比例平均为1.00∶0.78∶1.06;1997—2016年,我国三元复合肥施用量由1997年的7 981 kt增长至2016年的22 071 kt,年均增长704.5 kt,但近年来复合肥施用量年增长率呈下降趋势,由2007年的8.5%下降至2016年的1.4%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through two periods spanning 10 years, the basic situation of fertilization of 70 crops and 3 602 farmers in 22 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China has been investigated, and the statistical data have been summarized in order to grasp the level of fertilization compounding rate and status and change law of nutrient input of farmers in customary fertilization in China, and then clarify the future development trend of the compound fertilizer industry, so as to provide theoretical support for fertilization recommendation and the formulation of macro policies. The research results show that the average compounding rates of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O applied to spring corn, summer corn, wheat, vegetables, and fruit trees in China are 69.5%, 92.1% and 84.4%, respectively; according to the farmers′ fertilization habits, the average input ratio of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O nutrients for food crops such as corn, wheat, and rice is 1.00∶0.37∶0.30. The average input ratio of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O nutrients for economic crops including vegetables and fruit trees is 1.00∶0.78∶1.06; from 1997 to 2016, the application amount of ternary compound fertilizer in China increased from 7 981 kt in 1997 to 22 071 kt in 2016, with an average annual increase of 704.5 kt. But in recent years, the annual growth rate of compound fertilizer application has shown a downward trend, from 8.5% in 2007 to 1.4% in 2016.更多还原