【摘要】 为探究城市生活污水在收集及输送过程中其水质参数变化特征,以北京、青岛、常州3个城市为研究对象,对生活污水从排放源（普通居民小区、公共建筑）—化粪池—管道—污水处理厂收集过程不同时段的水质参数进行了比较分析,探究了城市污水水质变化规律及影响因素。研究表明,地理位置、化粪池设置、公共建筑存在、排水管网布设以及区域水文/降雨差异等均会对城市生活污水水质产生明显影响。研究发现,化粪池的设置对生活污水中生化需氧量（COD）、五日生化需氧量（BOD₅）和悬浮物（SS）的平均去除率分别为67.24%、67.64和21.25%,且COD和BOD₅的去除随季节变化明显,生活污水中氨氮（NH₃-N）经过化粪池后含量增加了42.75%;公共建筑排放污水中各污染物浓度明显低于小区生活污水,且小区污水排放在日间时段出现峰值时间更长,受季节性影响更大;在管道输送过程中,通过物理沉降、微生物分解等,管道中污水的污染物浓度也有不同程度的削减,经过约1 000m的流动,COD、BOD₅、SS、NH₃-N的平均去除率分别为9.24%、37.35%、17.00%、5.08%,但对总磷（TP）的去除无明显规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 To clarify water quality parameters variation during the whole collection and transformation,the urban sewage collected from the household,septic tanks,public buildings,drainage systems,as well as WWTPs influent of three typical cities(Beijing,Qingdao,Changzhou)were compared and analyzed.Experimental results showed that significant variation of quality of urban sewage was observed,owing to changes of geographical position,construction of septic tanks,distribution of public buildings,as well as drainage network characteristics.Septic tank construction led to an average removal rate of 67.24%,67.64%and 21.25%,respectively,for chemical oxygen demand(COD),five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5)and suspended solid(SS),in which seasonal variation of COD and BOD5 were observed.However,concentration of ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)in domestic sewage increased by 42.75%.Concentration of pollutants collected from public buildings was obviously lower than that of residential areas,also those wastewater from residential areas had a longer peak time during the day.Physical sedimentation and microbial decomposition occurred during the sewage transferred within the drainage system,as higher as 9.24%,37.35%,17.00%and 5.08% of COD,BOD5,SS,NH3-N were declined after 1 000 mtransformation in drainage system,but there was no obvious rule for the removal of total phosphorous(TP).更多还原