【摘要】 城市供水系统是重要的公共服务设施,全球范围内由于供水系统污染引起的公共卫生事件频繁发生,特别是生物污染引起的聚集性疾病更多,而街区、小区和建筑作为供水系统的"最后一公里",由于系统类型多样、相关环节复杂、管理单元繁多等原因,可能的生物风险点更值得关注。概述生物污染在世界各地街区及建筑小区供水系统中出现的案例及其研究进展,对细菌、病毒、微型动物几种主要的生物风险进行了分类分析,详细阐述了在街区以下主要层级的生物风险分布,并对当前的生物风险评估方法进行了分析,展望了未来的研究方向,可侧重于街区以下层级生物风险识别体系的构建,生物污染风险评估方法的研究,加快推进相关法规标准的建立,并建立系统化的控制措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban water supply systems are important public service facilities.Public health incidents caused by water supply system pollution occur frequently around the world,especially the aggregation diseases caused by biological pollution.Blocks,communities,and buildings are the"Last Kilometer",due to the variety of system types,complex units and management steps,the possible biological risk points are more worthy of attention.This article summarizes the cases and research progress of biological pollution in water supply systems of blocks and buildings around the world,and classifies and analyzes the major biological risks of bacteria,viruses,and microanimals.It elaborates the distribution of biological risks at the main levels below the block,analyzes the current biological risk assessment methods.And looking forward to future research directions,can focus on the construction of biological risk identification systems below the block,research on biological pollution risk assessment methods,and accelerate the establishment of relevant regulations,standards and systematic control measures.更多还原