【摘要】 耕作、播种、收获是农业生产的基本环节,耕种收机械是实现这些基本环节的重要工具,其作业质量对后续田间管理以及作物产量具有重要影响。振动作为一种动力源已广泛使用于各个行业,并取得了较好的应用效果,主要包括振动信号利用和振动消减两方面。由于农业生产的分散性、农业物料的多样性、农机作业环境的复杂性等特点,当前耕种收机械虽能够满足农业生产的基本要求,但仍然存在通用性弱、效率低、可靠性差等问题。如将振动技术运用在耕种收机械中则具有节能减耗、提升性能、降低成本等作用。在介绍振动技术基本理论的基础上,分析了国内外耕种收机械引入振动技术的应用研究进展、特点及典型机具,重点阐述了振动技术在耕作机械中减阻降耗、减粘脱附;播种机械中振动排序、振动防堵塞;收获机械中振动采收、振动减损以及耕种收机械中减振降噪等方面的应用研究进展。结合现状从加强耕种收农机振动基础理论研究与振动部件优化、促进振动技术与人机工程学的交互融合、加大耕种收农机工况下振动测量仪器研发、提高振动农机具自动化和智能化水平等方面,展望了耕种收机械中振动技术需解决的难点与未来发展方向,以期进一步推进振动技术与耕种收机械的深度融合,促进我国农业机械现代化的快速发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tillage,seeding and harvesting are the basic operations of agricultural production,and relative machinery is an important tool to realize these operations.The quality of these operations has an important impact on subsequent field management and crop yields.Vibration,as a power source,has been widely used in various industries,and has achieved great application results,mainly including the utilization and reduction of vibration signals.Due to the characteristics of the decentralization of agricultural production,the diversity of agricultural materials and the complexity of the agricultural machinery operating environment,the current tillage,seeding and harvesting machinery in China could meet the basic requirements of agricultural production,but the problems such as weak versatility,low efficiency,and poor reliability,have not been solved yet.The application of vibration technology in tillage,seeding and harvesting machinery might bring the outcomes of energy saving,consumption reduction,performance improvement and cost reduction.Based on the introduction of vibration basic theory,the development status,characteristics and typical equipment of vibration farming,seeding and harvesting machinery are analyzed worldwidely.The research process on difference vibration technology utilizations was presented,such as:drag and consumption reduction,adhesion and desorption elimination for agricultural machinery;sorting and anti-clogging for seeding machinery;vibration harvesting,vibration loss reduction for harvesting machinery;and noise reduction.Combined with current research,the basic theory research of vibration of agricultural machinery should be strengthen,and the optimization of vibration parts,promotion of the interaction and fusion of vibration technology and ergonomics should be conducted,the research and development of vibration measuring instrument under working conditions of agricultural machinery should be increased,and the automation and intelligence level of vibration agricultural machinery and tools should be improved.The difficulties and future development of the application of vibration technology in tillage,seeding and harvesting machinery are prospected.The deep integration of vibration technology and tillage,seeding and harvesting machinery might promote the development of modern agricultural machinery in China.更多还原