【摘要】 通过连续2年施入不同用量有机肥、秸秆菌渣和树枝菌渣,探究有机物料投入下环境因子及土壤理化性质对作物产量及土壤碳矿化、积累的影响,为作物稳产高产及土壤培肥的最佳碳投入方案提供理论依据。采用Li-8100田间原位法监测不同生育期土壤呼吸速率,设置7个施肥处理:6 000 kg/hm~2有机肥(M1)、12 000 kg/hm~2有机肥(M2)、6 000 kg/hm~2树枝菌渣(B1)、12 000 kg/hm~2树枝菌渣(B2)、6 000 kg/hm~2秸秆菌渣(S1)、12 000 kg/hm~2秸秆菌渣(S2)和不施有机物的对照(CK)。结果显示,3种有机物料投入均提高了土壤总有机碳及活性碳氮含量,增加了玉米和小麦的产量,玉米产量增幅17.5%～45.9%,小麦产量增幅30.8%～68.6%,其中B2处理增产效果最佳。外源碳投入显著增加土壤总有机碳含量,与此同时也引发土壤碳的矿化,增强土壤呼吸,表现为:总有机碳含量树枝菌渣处理>秸秆菌渣处理≥有机肥处理,呼吸总量秸秆菌渣处理>有机肥处理>树枝菌渣处理。相关性分析结果表明,土壤碳固存量与碳投入量和作物产量呈极显著正相关关系,与易氧化有机碳、全氮和碱解氮含量呈显著正相关关系,而与pH的相关性不显著。总之,有机物料投入可提高土壤养分含量,促进作物增产,其中12 000 kg/hm~2树枝菌渣施肥处理的培肥和增产效果最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 To provide theoretical basis for the optimal carbon input scheme, the effects of environmental factors and soil physical and chemical properties on crop yield and soil carbon mineralization and accumulation were investigated by applying different amounts of organic fertilizer, straw mushroom residue and lignin mushroom residue for two consecutive years. The soil respiration rate in different growth stages was monitored by Li-8100 field in situ method. Seven treatments were set up: 6 000 kg/hm~2 organic fertilizer(M1), 12 000 kg/hm~2 organic fertilizer(M2), 6 000 kg/hm~2 lignin mushroom residue(B1), 12 000 kg/hm~2 lignin mushroom residue(B2), 6 000 kg/hm~2 straw mushroom residue(S1), 12 000 kg/hm~2 straw mushroom residue(S2) and no organic matter(CK). The results showed that the application of three organic materials increased the total organic carbon and activated carbon and nitrogen contents, and increased the yield of corn and wheat. The yield of corn and wheat increased by 17.5%-45.9% and 30.8%-68.6% respectively, and B2 treatment had the best effect on increasing yield. Exogenous carbon input significantly increased the total organic carbon content of the soil, and it also led to soil carbon mineralization and enhanced soil respiration. The total organic carbon content followed the order of B>S≥M, total respiration followed the order of S>M>B. The results of correlation analysis showed that soil carbon sequestration was significantly positively correlated with carbon input and crop yield, and positively correlated with the contents of easily oxidized organic carbon, total nitrogen and alkalytic nitrogen, but there was no significant correlation with pH. In conclusion, the input of organic materials can increase soil nutrient content and improve crop yield. The treatment of 12 000 kg/hm~2 lignin mushroom residue has the best effect.更多还原