【摘要】 2017年德国大选中最引人注目的无疑是另类选择党的异军突起,该党不仅在联邦议会选举中成为第三大党,更是在东德地区选举中获得了第二多的选票。由于德国采用相对有利于小党的比例选举制度,因而主流政党在民意较为分散的基础之上往往无力应对碎片化政党格局的出现。同时,为了防止选民流失,主流政党也通常不愿意调整自身的政策纲领以适应新的变化。此外,由于联盟党和社民党长期组建联合政府把持政坛,德国政党出现了显著的卡特尔化倾向,这种倾向使得主流政党逐渐脱离群众,并导致主流政党的选票大量流失。相较于主流政党无法应对新情况的局面,另类选择党凭借在为大多数德国人所关注的难民问题上采取激进立场的做法,在联邦和地方两个层面的选举中表现抢眼。更多还原

【Abstract】 The most striking situation in the 2017 German election is undoubtedly the rise of the Alternative for Germany, which not only became the third largest party in the federal parliamentary elections, but also won the second most votes in the elections in the East Germany region. Since Germany adopts a proportional election system that is relatively beneficial to small parties, mainstream political parties are often unable to cope with the emergence of fragmented political parties based on a more scattered public opinion. At the same time, in order to prevent the loss of voters, mainstream political parties are usually reluctant to adjust their own policy programs to new changes. In addition, due to the long-term formation of the coalition government by the Alliance Party and the Liberal Democratic Party to control the political arena, German parties have shown a marked tendency to cartelization. This tendency has gradually separated mainstream parties from the masses and caused a large loss of votes for mainstream parties. Compared with mainstream political parties’ inability to cope with the new situation, the Alternative for Germany has successfully won a large number of elections at the federal and local levels by taking a radical position on the refugee issue that most Germans are concerned with.更多还原