【摘要】 对吉林省23份马铃薯种质资源的19个质量性状和10个数量性状进行了表型性状遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明:马铃薯表型性状之间存在丰富的遗传多样性,质量性状的Shannon-Wiene’s(H′)遗传多样性指数最大的是薯形(1.70),其次为肉色、皮色、茎色、株形;数量性状中,大中薯率的H′值最大(1.56),变异系数最大的是分枝数(66.79%)。相关性分析结果表明,芽眼数与花冠大小呈显著正相关(P<0.05),花冠越大,芽眼数越多;单株薯数与茎粗呈显著负相关,单株薯数随着茎粗的增大而减少;单株薯重与顶小叶宽呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),单株薯重随着顶小叶宽的增大而减小;大中薯率与茎粗和开花繁茂性呈显著正相关,与单株薯数呈极显著负相关,茎粗越粗,开花越繁茂,单株薯数越少,大中薯率越高。主成分分析结果表明,前10个主成分累计贡献率为85.943%,能反映23份马铃薯品种表型性状的基本特征。采用系统聚类组间联接法,在遗传距离为3.75时,23份马铃薯品种被分为3个组群:第1组群共12份材料,第2组群共8份材料,第3组群共3份材料。该研究结果可为吉林省马铃薯种质资源的创新利用和新品种选育提供参考依据,为田间生产品种的选择提供指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Genetic diversity analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on 19 quality traits and 10 quantitative traits of 23 potato germplasm resources in Jilin Province.The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity among the phenotypic traits of potato.The Shannon-Wiene’s(H’) genetic diversity index of the quality traits was the largest(1.70),followed by flesh color,skin color,stem color and plant shape;among the quantitative traits,the H’value of the rate of large and medium-sized potato was the largest(1.56),and the largest coefficient of variation was number of branches(66.79%).Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between number of buds and size of corolla(P<0.05),and the larger the corolla,the more the number of buds.There was a significant negative correlation between number of tubers per plant and stem diameter,and number of tubers per plant decreased with the increase of stem diameter;there was a significant negative correlation between weight of tubers per plant and width of top leaflet(P<0.01),and weight of tubers per plant decreased with the increase of width of top leaflet;rate of large and medium-sized tubers was significantly positively correlated with stem diameter and flowering luxuriance,and significantly negatively correlated with number of tubers per plant.The thicker the stem,the luxuriant the flowering,and the less the number of tubers per plant,the higher the rate of large and medium-sized tubers.Principal component analysis showed that cumulative contribution rate of the first 10 principal components was 85.943%,which could reflect the basic characteristics of phenotypic traits of 23 potato varieties.Using the system clustering group connection method,23 potato varieties were divided into 3 groups when the genetic distance was 3.75,the first group had 12 materials,the second group had8 materials,and the third group had 3 materials,which provides reference for the innovative utilization of potato germplasm resources and breeding of new varieties in Jilin Province,and guidance for the selection of field production varieties,thereby increasing economic benefits.更多还原