【摘要】 围绕合作的演化与涌现,本文基于两人囚徒困境和多人公共品博弈模型,重点介绍了近年来关于直接互惠和网络互惠的理论与实验研究进展.重复博弈为直接互惠的产生提供了必要条件.零行列式策略作为直接互惠中的一个新理论,近期被从理论与实验方面深入研究.零行列式策略是一种单步记忆策略,它可以单方面决定博弈双方的收益关系,这为探索人类决策行为规律提供了新工具.网络博弈实验研究发现,动态网络可以提升并维持人类的合作行为,而静态网络是否促进合作涌现尚存在争议.网络博弈实验有助于理解社会网络重要结构的形成机理与复杂系统中的行为涌现.更多还原

【Abstract】 Focusing on the mechanisms of the evolution and emergence of cooperative behavior, this paper reviews the recent development of direct reciprocity and network reciprocity from perspectives of both theoretical and experimental research based on two-player Prisoner’s Dilemma and multi-player Public Goods games. Repeated interactions provide the necessary condition for the emergence of direct reciprocity. The zero-determinant strategy, which is a new theory in direct reciprocity, has been deeply investigated from both theory and experiment. The zero-determinant strategy is a kind of memory-one strategies, which can unilaterally determine the payoff relationship in repeated games and may provide a novel tool to explore human decision behavior. Investigations on networked game experiments revealed that dynamic networks can facilitate and maintain human cooperation, while the influence of static networks on cooperation remains controversial. Furthermore, it is summarized that networked game experiments provide an efficient approach to studying the formation mechanism of network structure and the emergence of cooperation in complex systems.更多还原