【摘要】 含油污水的随意排放对海洋、沿海周边环境以及人类健康造成了严重的影响。传统的油水分离方法易造成环境二次污染,同时也是对有限资源的一种损耗。因此,如何高效环保地解决含油污水问题具有重要意义。物理过滤/吸附法被认为是一种高效环保的分离方法,基于仿生学原理,许多可用于物理选择性分离的超亲油疏水和超亲水疏油材料被制备出来。超亲油疏水材料易被油污染,重复利用率低;相比之下,超亲水疏油材料具有自清洁性且重复利用率高,在油水分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。根据基底材料的选择不同,本文综述了金属基以及高分子基超亲水疏油材料的研究现状,总结了其优缺点,并对今后超亲水疏油材料的研究方向和重点进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Frequent offshore oil spill accidents,industrial oily sewage and the indiscriminate disposal of urban oily sewage have increasingly serious impacts on human living environment and health.The traditional oil-water separation methods not only cause easily environmental secondary pollution,but also lead to waste of limited resources.Therefore, how to efficiently and environmentally solve the problem of oily sewage has great significance.Physical filtration/adsorption is considered to be an efficient and environmentally friendly separation method.Based on bionics principle,many superoleophilic hydrophobic materials and superhydrophilic oleophobic materials which can be used for selectively physical oil-water separation have been prepared.The superoleophilic hydrophobic materials are easy to be polluted by oil,resulting in low reuse ability.In contrast,environment-friendly and self-cleaning superhydrophilic oleophobic materials usually have high reuse ability,thus having broad application prospects for oil-water separation.Based on the difference of base materials,the present paper mainly statues the recent advances and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of metal and polymer-based superhydrophilic oleophobic materials,and the general direction and emphasis of superhydrophilic oleophobic materials are also proposed.更多还原