【摘要】 为解决国内养殖的大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）群体遗传多样性下降问题,进一步培育快长和抗逆性强的大口黑鲈优良品种,以引进的大口黑鲈北方亚种群体（N）和大口黑鲈"优鲈1号"（G）为亲本,通过自交和正反杂交获得4个大口黑鲈群体,利用12对微卫星引物对其进行遗传多样性及遗传结构分析,采用金属丝线码（CWT）标记后在相同池塘养殖条件下对4个群体的生长性能进行比较分析。结果显示,12对微卫星引物在所有个体中均能扩增出清晰条带,在120尾样本中共扩增到126个等位基因,北方亚种自交群体（N）、"优鲈1号"自交群体（G）、正交群体NG[N（♀）×G（♂）]、反交群体GN[G（♀）×N（♂）]的平均期望杂合度（H_e）分别为0.491、0.454、0.553和0.519,平均观测杂合度（H_o）分别为0.519、0.480、0.729和0.664,平均多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.407、0.412、0.454和0.425。结果表明,正反交群体的遗传多样性均高于自交群体,其中NG群体的遗传多样性最高。对群体间的遗传分化分析表明,GN群体与N和G群体间遗传分化最大,分别为0.125和0.149。UPGMA聚类分析显示,N群体和G群体首先聚为一支,再与NG群体聚为一支,最后与GN群体聚合。对4个群体的3～12月龄的子代生长性状进行对比,GN群体的体质量绝对增长率（AGR）和特定增长率（SGR）分别为1.44 g·d^-1和1.04%·d^-1,均高于其他群体。研究结果可为今后大口黑鲈良种培育和遗传改良提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the decreasing genetic diversity and cultivate new varieties with fast growth and strong resistance traits of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in China, a new imported northern Micropterus salmoides group from America and "Youlu No.1" were used as parents. Four populations of Micropterus salmoides were obtained through self-crossing and cross-breeding methods, respectively. Then 12 pairs of microsatellite primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the four populations, and the growth traits of the four populations bred in the same pond were analyzed with coded wire tag（CWT） marks. Results showed that 12 pairs of microsatellite primers could amplify clear bands in all individuals, and 126 alleles were amplified in 120 individuals. The average expected heterozygosity（H_e） of the four populations（self-crossing population of northern Micropterus salmoides（N）, self-crossing population of "Youlu No.1"（G）, orthogonal population N（♀）×G（♂）（NG） and backcross population G（♀）×N（♂）（GN）） was 0.491, 0.454, 0.553 and 0.519, respectively; the average observed heterozygosity（H_o） of N, G, NG and GN was 0.519, 0.480, 0.729 and 0.664, respectively; and the average polymorphic information content（PIC） values were 0.407, 0.412, 0.454 and 0.425, respectively. These results indicated that the genetic diversities of NG and GN were higher than those of N and G, and the highest was in NG. F_st analysis of the four populations revealed that GN had higher genetic differentiation with N and G, which was 0.125 and 0.149, respectively. The UPGMA clustering analysis suggested that N was first gathered with G, and then gathered with NG, and finally gathered with GN. The growth traits were analyzed with 3 to 12 months offsprings of the four populations, and the absolute growth rate（AGR） and specific growth rate（SGR） of GN were significant higher than those of others, which were 1.44 g.d^-1 and 1.04%.d^-1, respectively. The study will provide valuable information to improve the genetic breeding of Micropterus salmoides.更多还原