【摘要】 研究冀中南太行山东麓苹果生长的需水特征和水分适宜性,分析苹果年度生长期内适宜补灌期,为苹果生产充分利用水资源和科学灌溉提供理论依据。运用河北省内丘富岗苹果和素有"太行山第一驿站"之称的顺平苹果物候观测资料及气象资料,利用FAO推荐的彭曼公式和参考作物系数法,进行苹果需水量计算,分析需水特征和水分适宜性。结果表明,冀中南太行山东麓苹果年度生长期需水量呈阶段性线性下降,幼果期-着色期需水量占全生长期需水量80%,萌芽-开花期和成熟落叶期需水量分别占10%。顺平和内丘全生长期多年平均水分适宜度均在0.7以上,中部(顺平)水分适宜度优于南部的(内丘),且2011年以来水分适宜度显著优于1981-2010年的;果实膨大期、着色期、成熟-落叶期水分适宜性较好,萌芽期、开花期、幼果期水分适宜度均小于0.5,降水不能满足果树此阶段需水要求,尤其是幼果期,水分适宜度最差。因此,苹果适宜补灌期为春季3月下旬-5月下旬。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study is about the characteristics of required water and water suitability of apple growth at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountains in the central-south region of Hebei province,and analyzes the suitable supplement irrigation stages in apple growing period in order to provide the theoretical basis for apple production to make full use of water resources and scientific irrigation.The water requirement and characteristics of apple growth are calculated,and the characteristics and the water suitability are analyzed by using Penman-Monteith formula reco mmended by FAO and reference crop coefficient method,and the apple phonological data of Fugang Apple and Shunping Apple as well as the daily meteorological observations at Neiqiu and Shunping weather stations.The results show that the annual amount of water required for apple growth decreases linearly at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountains in the central-south region of Hebei Province.The amount of water needed from young fruit stage to coloring stage accounts for 80% of the whole growing period water demand,and the amount needed from germination to flowering and to the mature and leaf-falling stages accounts for 10%,respectively.The average annual water suitability of Shunping Apple and Neiqiu Apple during the whole growing period is above 0.7,and the Shunping Apple is better than the Neiqiu Apple in water suitability.Moreover,since 2011,the water suitability has been significantly better than that of 1981-2010.The water suitability during the fruit swelling,coloring and mature to leaf-falling period is better,and the water suitability of germination,flowering and young fruit stages are all less than 0.5,but the precipitation cannot meet the water requirements of fruit trees in this period.Especially,the water suitability of the young fruit period is the worst.Therefore,the suitable filling supplement irrigation period for spring apple is from late March to late May.更多还原