【摘要】 提升产业扶贫质量是新时代构建长效脱贫机制、实现"两个一百年"奋斗目标的必然要求。在阐释产业扶贫质量理论内涵基础上,基于可持续生计分析框架剖析地方政府、扶贫企业、贫困农户在提升产业扶贫质量中的作用机理,可以明晰我国产业扶贫质量发展所取得的成就及制约因素,辨识社会发展新机遇为产业扶贫质量优化提供的内外部条件,找到提升产业扶贫质量的可行性路径。研究结果表明:脱贫真实性和脱贫可持续性是衡量产业扶贫质量的重要依据,产业扶贫政策实施以来,我国贫困人口大幅减少,脱贫真实性显著增强;扶贫要素投入、经营主体培育为产业扶贫提供持久动力,脱贫可持续性不断优化。然而,地方政府"压力型体制"运作模式与过度干预、扶贫企业逐利本性与高资产专用性会影响对贫困农户的精准识别及其生计策略的选择,进而降低脱贫真实性和脱贫可持续性;农民传统政治心理和社会原子化、农户生计体系的脆弱性致使贫困农户融入扶贫产业体系较为困难,进一步降低产业扶贫质量。产业振兴、城乡融合、消费需求多元化等新制度供给和经济发展趋势为今后提升产业扶贫质量提供了新机遇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Improving the quality of industrial poverty alleviation is an inevitable requirement of building a long term poverty alleviation mechanism and realizing the ’two centenary’ goals in the new era. On the basis of an explanation of the connotation of industrial poverty alleviation quality theory, this paper makes an analysis of the function mechanism of local governments, poverty alleviation enterprises and poor farmers in improving the quality of industrial poverty alleviation, based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework. Thus clarified are the achievements and constraints of the quality development of industrial poverty alleviation in China, followed by the identification of the internal and external conditions provided by the new opportunities of social development for the optimization of industrial poverty alleviation quality, before a proposal for the improvement of the feasible paths of poverty alleviation quality. The results show that the authenticity and sustainability of poverty alleviation are an important basis for the measurement of the quality of industrial poverty alleviation. Since the implementation of the industrial poverty alleviation policy, the poverty-stricken population in China has been greatly reduced, and the authenticity of poverty alleviation has been significantly enhanced. The input of poverty alleviation elements and cultivation of business entities provide lasting impetus for industrial poverty alleviation, hence the sustainability of poverty alleviation is constantly optimized. However, the ’pressure system’ operation mode and excessive intervention on the side of the local governments, the profit-seeking nature of the enterprises working for poverty alleviation as well as the high asset specificity will affect the accurate identification of poor farmers and the choice of livelihood strategies, thus reducing the authenticity and sustainability of the poverty alleviation operations. In the meantime, the traditional political psychology and social atomization on the side of the farmers as well as the vulnerability of the farmers’ livelihood system combine to lead to the poor farmers’ relative difficulty in their integration into the poverty alleviation system, further reducing the quality of industrial poverty alleviation. Against this background, the improvement of the industrial poverty alleviation quality calls for the revitalization of industries, the integration of urban and rural areas, the pluralism of urban and rural consumption, and the promotion of new industrial demands, which will all have new opportunities in the development of industrial poverty alleviation quality in the future.更多还原