【摘要】 为探讨不同种植年限和栽培方式对土壤重金属累积量及其生物有效性的影响,研究了种植年限低于5、5～10、10～15年及15～20年的菜田土壤中8种重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Hg)的含量及其生物有效性系数,同时分析了露地和设施2种栽培方式下土壤重金属含量和生物有效性系数。结果表明,土壤中As、Cd、Ni、Pb的含量随种植年限的增加而递增,Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的有效态含量和生物有效性系数在种植年限为10～15年时分别最高和最大,土壤中As、Cd、Hg、Ni含量露地栽培高于设施栽培,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量设施栽培高于露地栽培;土壤中Ni的生物有效性系数露地栽培高于设施栽培,As、Cr、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn的生物有效性系数设施栽培高于露地栽培。种植叶菜类土壤中As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量平均值高于种植瓜果类和根茎类,Hg含量的平均值在种植瓜果类蔬菜的土壤中最高,Cd和Ni的含量平均值在种植根茎类蔬菜的土壤中最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the effects of different planting years and cultivation methods on the accumulation of heavy metals and their bioavailability,the contents and bioavailability coefficients of 8 heavy metals(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn,Hg)in vegetable soil with planting years less than 5,5～10,10～15 years and 15～20 years were studied. At the same time the content of heavy metals and bioavailability coefficient of soil under open and protected cultivation were analyzed. The results showed that the content of As,Cd,Ni and Pb increased with the increase of planting years,the effective state content and bioavailability of Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn were the highest and biggest in 10～15 years,the content of As,Cd,Hg and Ni was higher culture in open field than in the greenhouse soil,the content of Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn was higher culture in greenhouse soil than in open field. The bioavailability coefficient of Ni elements culture in the open field was higher than that in the greenhouse soil,and that of As,Cr,Cd,Cu,Hg,Pb,Zn elements culture in the greenhouse soil was higher than that in the open field. The average contents of As,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn in the soil planted with leafy vegetables were higher than those with fruits,fruits and rhizomes. The average content of Hg was the highest in the soil planted with melons and fruits,and the average contents of Cd and Ni were the highest in the soil planted with rhizome vegetables.更多还原